Posts by jschauma@mstdn.social
(DIR) Post #B3DLkBr1bNp7e0woaG by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-03T03:59:06Z
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System Administration, Week 2: Storage Models and DisksIn this video, we'll introduce the larger topic of filesystems and storage. In particular, we'll discuss the conceptual storage models, such as Direct Attached Storage (DAS), Network Attached Storage (NAS), Storage Area Networks (SANs), and Cloud Storage.https://youtu.be/w-wfCe7Yb68#sysadmin #devops #sre
(DIR) Post #B3DLkCgQWGwMDQzrhg by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-03T19:18:48Z
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System Administration, Week 2: Devices and InterfacesThis segment discusses common storage device interfaces, including SCSI, ATA, SSD, Fibre Channel, and hinting at storage configurations like JBOD and RAID, which we'll get back to in the next video. At this point, it feels a bit dated, and I may skip it going forward and perhaps expand more on enterprise storage, but then again, it's only 10 minutes of your time.https://youtu.be/C5PXWFFP31A#sysadmin #devops #sre
(DIR) Post #B3DLkDCgaKkDpU5czA by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-04T14:25:11Z
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System Administration, Week 2: Storage VirtualizationIn this video, we cover the concept of storage virtualization -- combining individual disks into larger storage pools and utilizing resources from such a pool. This includes a discussion of RAID and some of the different supported levels as well as Logical Volume Management (LVM). We further illustrate some of these properties by example of ZFS.https://youtu.be/tw-QTAoYU9w#sysadmin #devops #sre
(DIR) Post #B3DLkDsW4oClvDf2Bc by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-05T21:48:09Z
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System Administration, Week 2: Physical Disk StructureWe'll take a quick look at what a hard disk drive actually looks like. This helps us understand addressing schemes such as CHS and LBA, what physical aspects affect hard disk performance, as well as partitioning requirements. While a lot of this is tied to old magentic-spinning-platters drives, it explains a lot of assumptions partitions and file systems make even if using SSDs.https://youtu.be/HqjxRrhspFo#sysadmin #devops #sre
(DIR) Post #B3DLkESJvgqRiGPczg by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-06T13:37:21Z
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System Administration, Week 2: PartitionsIn this video, we talk about how to divide a single disk -- physical or virtual -- and how the partitions relate to the physical structure of the disk. We show examples partitioning disks on NetBSD, OmniOS, and Linux using the disklabel, fdisk, and format tools.https://youtu.be/vmL9ZUh_j2U#sysadmin #devops #sre
(DIR) Post #B3DLkFD77iH83OIzvk by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-07T17:34:36Z
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System Administration, Week 2: Moving EC2 VolumesWe've talked about EC2 Elastic Block Storage volumes, and how we can treat them as if they were hard drives plugged into an instance. In this video, we run through one of our recommended exercises for Week 2 and show how to move an EBS volume across instances and operating systems from a NetBSD EC2 instance to one running Ubuntu Linux.https://youtu.be/FxzANp8Z1FA#sysadmin #devops #sre
(DIR) Post #B3DLkG2W2bOMcoM33A by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-08T17:30:28Z
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System Administration, Week 3: The Boot Process & the MBRIn this video, we discuss the boot process on a high level as well as take a fairly detailed look at the MBR. We'll create a suitable NetBSD BIOS partition by hand, utilizing the dd(1) command because using fdisk(8) would be just too easy. In the process, we learn a fair bit about the structure of the boot sector.https://youtu.be/VHMkg3wlOSM#sysadmin #devops #sre
(DIR) Post #B3DLkGscur4lEQjfH6 by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-09T16:51:40Z
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System Administration: Week 3: File systemsIn this video, we pretend to be a file system, trying to store all our cat photos in a reasonable manner on a raw disk. By manually writing data and metadata, we begin to understand what a file system has to do. We also show how the tar(1) utility creates output that very much resembles a filesystem format.https://youtu.be/9MWeiuw8WHU#sysadmin #devops #sre
(DIR) Post #B3DLkHX2UbOzFldwGW by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-10T13:44:57Z
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System Administration: Week 3: Files go hier(7)In this video, we're wrapping up our discussion of filesystems and partitions with a look at file types and partitions and filesystems mounted by default on #NetBSD, #FreeBSD, #OmniOS, and Fedora Linux. We close with a look at the filesystem hierarchy as defined in the hier(7) manual page.https://youtu.be/J0ontdqxpUg#sysadmin #devops #sre
(DIR) Post #B3DLkIN9Mr5NrO1YUS by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-11T14:15:08Z
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System Administration: Week 3: Resizing a file systemIn these two videos, we show how to resize an existing filesystem. First on #NetBSD using the resize_ffs(8) tool, where we first increase the size of a 512MB partition to 1GB, then shrink it down to 256MB. Next we repeat the same exercise on #Debian Linux, using the resize2fs(8) tool.https://youtu.be/9l-g3keN48ghttps://youtu.be/4V15y5Klo9Y#sysadmin #devops #sre
(DIR) Post #B3Qd3ReJKDzsPRFMy8 by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-12T15:28:59Z
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System Administration: Week 4: Types of SoftwareWith this video, we begin our Week 04 topic of "software": what types of software there are, how they fit together, how to install software, and how to manage dependencies. We try to draw a terrible analogy to - what else - cars, and quickly realize that the distinctions between firmware, operating system, system software, add-on software are difficult to make.https://youtu.be/48HmSsqOfuE#sysadmin #devops #sre
(DIR) Post #B3Qd3Sv0bcwqLW4DdQ by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-13T15:08:58Z
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System Administration: Week 4: OS InstallationIn this video, we perform a step-by-step manual installation of #NetBSD onto a virtual machine to illustrate the details of the process, including partitioning, boot loader installation, OS set extraction etc.We also discuss planning of the OS installation by looking at data classification into shareable/non-shareable and static/variable data and think about how to scale this process.https://youtu.be/XRTDMgIpK68#sysadmin #devops #sre
(DIR) Post #B3Qd3b0GXxuHQ8aWwK by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-14T18:20:22Z
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System Administration: Week 4: Package ManagementIn this video, we continue our discussion of the difference and relationship between the operating system and so-called "add-on software". We conclude that in order to install and maintain all such software, we want to use a package manager, and illustrate common features by example of the 'dpkg', 'rpm', and #NetBSD's #pkgsrc tools.https://youtu.be/dU66_sPjnXg#sysadmin #devops #sre
(DIR) Post #B3Qd3jNbP5KLOpZHQO by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-15T15:32:46Z
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System Administration: Week 4: Package Management PitfallsIn this video, we discuss some of the problems with package managers, native language packaging solutions, and the implications of their use on dependency resolution, package integrity, and trust. We revisit "left-pad" and "dependency confusion" to illustrate some of these problems.https://youtu.be/R3zlbOND00Q#sysadmin #devops #sre
(DIR) Post #B3Vdq8Xa895R7p7KDo by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-19T22:58:07Z
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#IPv6 adoption is still terrible.Akamai, Cloudflare, and Google all report roughly 45% of traffic to their services using IPv6 in the US...https://www.akamai.com/security-research/ipv6-adoption-visualization...but that's (a) not all that great, and (b) only HTTP traffic to major services.Just what % of sites actually _offers_ IPv6? I took a look...
(DIR) Post #B3VdqI22qFnmYuRHSC by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-19T22:59:08Z
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Let's start at the #DNS. Obviously, the root is fully dual-stack, but what about the TLDs?Overall, that's not terrible: only 18 of the 1,436 TLDs have only IPv4-only NS records in the root zone, although 240 TLDs have at least one IPv4-only NS.But for the top 1M _second-level_ domains, this already drops down and only around 72% of them have at least one IPv6-enabled NS.#ipv6
(DIR) Post #B3VdqQpy6WUPs3rGNc by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-19T23:01:00Z
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For HTTP traffic, just looking at 'www.<domain>' for the Top 1M second-level domains, only 35% are dual-stack!And this is despite the majority of them being served by just a small number of CDNs and service providers, all who support IPv6. Meaning, many people *actively disable* IPv6 here despite "Happy Eyeballs" having been around for over 10 years!
(DIR) Post #B3VdqZdXO6tTA76xkm by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-19T23:03:56Z
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And finally, #SMTP. Looking at the Top 1M Domains' MX records, over 52% are IPv4-only; 45% fully dual-stack, and another 2% or so having at least one MX record with an IPv6 address.But there are also large MX service providers who have IPv6 addresses on some MX records *and then don't accept traffic on those IPv6 addresses*, and large mail service providers like Yahoo, GoDaddy, and Namecheap (to name just a few) are completely IPv4-only.#ipv6
(DIR) Post #B3VdqiIbBKUa1mNrrk by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-19T23:05:36Z
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All around, I don't see the overall trend to get us to universal #IPv6 adoption within the next 10 or perhaps even 20 years.Pareto suggests the first 80% of any large project take 20% of the time and effort, and 30 years into our IPv6 adoption migration, we're barely half-way there.As long as IPv6 is not seen as a fundamental requirement to do business, people will continue to disable it; as long as large businesses disable IPv6, it will not be seen as a fundamental requirement.
(DIR) Post #B3VdqqonVV0ARxVhAG by jschauma@mstdn.social
2026-02-19T23:07:40Z
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All this -- and a few more details -- in blog form here:https://www.netmeister.org/blog/ipv6-adoption.htmlEat Arby's. (Arby's website is #IPv6 enabled, so, uhm, yay? But of course their MXs are IPv4 only.)