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Message-ID: <003001c1c32a$a3eff7a0$cb509318@caliban>
From: "Patrick T. Rourke" <ptrourke@methymna.com>
To: <classics@u.washington.edu>
Cc: <ptrourke@methymna.com>
Subject: [Unicode and HTML] Greek Numeral Systems
Date: 	Sun, 3 Mar 2002 22:13:59 -0500
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For FAQ purposes. [ Sorry that this is in Unicode and HTML, but that's =
the only reasonable way to represent them.  This will look best in =
Outlook Express 6 in Windows 2000 or XP; it might be readable on Mozilla =
mail agents (except on Macintosh) and in Macintosh OS X's Mail =
application with e.g. James Kass's Code2000 or Ralph Hancock's Vusillus =
fonts.  ]

Basically there are two systems: the Milesian and the acrophonic.  =
George Pesely has already provided a good description of the Milesian =
system - this is the one that you will see in any literary, historical, =
or mathematical texts.

The acrophonic system, on the other hand, is found in a lot of =
inscriptions.  It follows about the same pattern as Roman numerals, and =
as Chad Fauber has mentioned, is well discussed by Tod and described in =
its bare outlines in Smyth.

Arabic        Roman        Milesian                Attic Acrophonic
1                I                 =CE=B1=CD=B4 alpha                    =
  |  (a solid vertical stroke)
2                II                =CE=B2=CD=B4 beta                     =
    ||
3                III               =CE=B3=CD=B4 gamma                  =
|||
4                IIII              =CE=B4=CD=B4 delta                    =
   ||||
5                V                =CE=B5=CD=B4 epsilon                   =
=CE=A0   (Pi) (epichoric form, looks like a gamma with a descender)
6                VI               =CF=9A=CD=B4 stigma                  =
=CE=A0| (a pi and one vertical stroke)
7                VII              =CE=B6=CD=B4 zeta                      =
 =CE=A0|| (pi and two vertical strokes)
8                VIII             =CE=B7=CD=B4 eta                       =
 =CE=A0|||=20
9                VIIII            =CE=B8=CD=B4 theta                   =
=CE=A0||||
10              X                 =CE=B9=CD=B4 iota                      =
 =CE=94 (Delta)
11              XI                =CE=B9=CE=B1=CD=B4 iota and alpha  =
=CE=94| (Delta and one vertical stroke)
20              XX              =CE=BA=CD=B4 kappa                  =
=CE=94=CE=94 (two Deltas)
30              XXX            =CE=BB=CD=B4 lambda              =
=CE=94=CE=94=CE=94
40              XXXX         =CE=BC=CD=B4 mu                       =
=CE=94=CE=94=CE=94=CE=94
50              L                  =CE=BD=CD=B4 nu                       =
  [=CE=A0=CE=94]  [single sign consisting of the epichoric pi with a =
delta inside] =20
60              LX               =CF=87=CD=B4 xi                         =
  [=CE=A0=CE=94]=CE=94
70              LXX            =CE=BF=CD=B4 omicron              =
[=CE=A0=CE=94]=CE=94=CE=94
80              LXXX         =CF=80=CD=B4 pi                          =
[=CE=A0=CE=94]=CE=94=CE=94=CE=94
90              LXXXX      =CF=9E=CD=B4 qoppa                  =
[=CE=A0=CE=94]=CE=94=CE=94=CE=94=CE=94
100            C                 =CF=81=CD=B4 rho                        =
=CE=97 (eta)
200            CC              =CF=83=CD=B4 sigma                   =
=CE=97=CE=97
300            CCC            =CF=84=CD=B4 tau                        =
=CE=97=CE=97=CE=97
400            CCCC         =CF=85=CD=B4 upsilon               =
=CE=97=CE=97=CE=97=CE=97
500            D                 =CF=86=CD=B4 phi                       =
[=CE=A0=CE=97] [single sign consisting of the epichoric pi with an eta =
inside]
600            DC              =CF=87=CD=B4 chi                         =
[=CE=A0=CE=97]=CE=97
700            DCC           =CF=88=CD=B4 psi                        =
[=CE=A0=CE=97]=CE=97=CE=97
800            DCCC        =CF=89=CD=B4 omega                 =
[=CE=A0=CE=97]=CE=97=CE=97=CE=97
900            DCCCC     =CF=A0=CD=B4 sampi                =
[=CE=A0=CE=97]=CE=97=CE=97=CE=97=CE=97
1000          M               =CD=B5=CE=B1 alpha                    =
=CE=A7 [Chi]
5000                              repeats                    =
[=CE=A0=CE=A7][single sign consisting of the epichoric pi with a chi =
inside]
10,000                                                              =
=CE=9C [Mu]
50,000                                                              =
[=CE=A0=CE=9C][single sign consisting of the epichoric pi with a mu =
inside]

Note that the font I'm using, Palatino Linotype, does not provide the =
lower case for the stigma, qoppa, sampi, or digamma.  The Attic =
acrophonic is not yet represented in Unicode, though it probably will be =
soon; I've provided the best approximating Greek characters when =
available, and provided the two characters used in a vertical ligature =
separately in brackets with an explanation.

The stigma in the Milesian system replaced an earlier digamma =
(=CF=9C=CD=B4).=20

Of course the Roman numerals later used the system we're used to, IV for =
4, IX for 9, XL for 40, XC for 90, CD for 400, and CM for 900. =20

etc.

In addition to the books mentioned by GP and CF, there's a Reading the =
Past book on Mathematics and Measurements (O.A.W. Dilke) which provides =
an introduction and tables for both Greek systems on pages 13-14, as =
well as other systems on other pages.  This it would seem to me would be =
a perfect book for students. =20

Hope this helps.

PTR
ptrourke@methymna.com=20


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=EF=BB=BF<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dutf-8">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2713.1100" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff background=3D"">
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>For FAQ purposes.&nbsp;[ =
Sorry that=20
this is in Unicode and HTML, but that's the only reasonable way to =
represent=20
them.&nbsp; This will look best in Outlook Express 6 in Windows 2000 or =
XP; it=20
might be readable on Mozilla mail agents (except on Macintosh) and in =
Macintosh=20
OS X's Mail application with e.g. James Kass's Code2000 or Ralph =
Hancock's=20
Vusillus fonts.&nbsp; ]<BR><BR>Basically there are two systems: the =
Milesian and=20
the acrophonic.&nbsp; George Pesely has already provided a good =
description of=20
the Milesian system - this is the one that you will see in any literary, =

historical, or mathematical texts.<BR><BR>The acrophonic system, on the =
other=20
hand, is found in a lot of inscriptions.&nbsp; It follows about the same =
pattern=20
as Roman numerals, and as Chad Fauber has mentioned, is well discussed =
by Tod=20
and described in its bare outlines in=20
Smyth.<BR><BR>Arabic&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
Roman&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
Milesian&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Attic=20
Acrophonic<BR>1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
I&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
=CE=B1<FONT size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
alpha&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp; (a solid =
vertical=20
stroke)<BR>2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
II&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
=CE=B2<FONT size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
beta&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;||<BR>3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
III&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
=CE=B3<FONT size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
gamma&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|||<BR>4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
IIII&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;=20
=CE=B4<FONT size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
delta&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ||||</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D2>5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
V&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
=CE=B5<FONT size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
epsilon&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =CE=A0&nbsp;&nbsp; (Pi) =
(epichoric form,=20
looks like a&nbsp;gamma with a=20
descender)<BR>6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
VI&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
=CF=9A<FONT size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
stigma&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=CE=A0|=20
(a pi and one vertical=20
stroke)<BR>7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
VII&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;=20
=CE=B6<FONT size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
zeta&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =CE=A0|| (pi and two vertical=20
strokes)<BR>8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
VIII&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;=20
=CE=B7<FONT size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
eta&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =CE=A0||| </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
VIIII&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
=CE=B8<FONT=20
size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
theta&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=CE=A0||||</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D2>10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;X&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
=CE=B9<FONT=20
size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
iota&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=CE=94=
=20
(Delta)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>11&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
XI&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
=CE=B9=CE=B1<FONT size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT> iota and =
alpha&nbsp;&nbsp;=CE=94| (Delta and one vertical=20
stroke)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>20&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; XX&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =CE=BA<FONT size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT> =

kappa&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=CE=94=CE=94=20
(two&nbsp;Deltas)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D2>30&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;XXX&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =CE=BB<FONT size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT> =

lambda&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=CE=94=CE=94=CE=94</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>40&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
XXXX&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=CE=BC<FONT =
size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
mu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=CE=94=
=CE=94=CE=94=CE=94</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D2>50&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;L&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=CE=BD<FONT=20
size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
nu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
=20
[=CE=A0=CE=94]&nbsp; [single sign consisting of the epichoric pi with a =
delta=20
inside]&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D2>60&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;LX&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=CF=87<FONT=20
size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
xi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
[=CE=A0=CE=94]=CE=94</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D2>70&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;LXX&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =CE=BF<FONT size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT> =

omicron&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[=CE=A0=CE=94]=CE=94=CE=94</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>80&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; LXXX&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =CF=80<FONT size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
pi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;[=CE=A0=CE=94]=CE=94=CE=94=CE=94</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>90&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
LXXXX&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=CF=9E<FONT =
size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
qoppa&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[=CE=A0=CE=94]=CE=94=CE=94=CE=94=CE=
=94</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>100&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =CF=81<FONT =
size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
rho&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
=CE=97 (eta)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>200&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
CC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;=CF=83<FONT=20
size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
sigma&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=CE=97=CE=97</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>300&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CCC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =CF=84<FONT size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
tau&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
=CE=97=CE=97=CE=97</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>400&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
CCCC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =CF=85<FONT =
size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
upsilon&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=CE=97=CE=97=CE=97=CE=97</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>500&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =CF=86<FONT =
size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
phi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[=CE=A0=
=CE=97]=20
[single sign consisting of the epichoric pi with an eta =
inside]</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>600&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; DC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =CF=87<FONT size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
chi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;=20
[=CE=A0=CE=97]=CE=97</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>700&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
DCC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
=CF=88<FONT=20
size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
psi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
[=CE=A0=CE=97]=CE=97=CE=97</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>800&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
DCCC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=CF=89<FONT =
size=3D3>=CD=B4</FONT>=20
omega&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
[=CE=A0=CE=97]=CE=97=CE=97=CE=97</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>900&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; DCCCC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
<FONT=20
size=3D3>=CF=A0=CD=B4</FONT>=20
sampi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[=CE=A0=CE=97]=CE=97=CE=97=CE=97=CE=97</FONT>=
</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D2>1000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
M&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT=20
size=3D3>=CD=B5</FONT>=CE=B1 alpha&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =CE=A7 [Chi]</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D2>5000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;repeats&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
[=CE=A0=CE=A7][single sign consisting of the epichoric pi with =
a&nbsp;chi=20
inside]</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" =
size=3D2>10,000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =CE=9C [Mu]</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D2>50,000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[=CE=A0=CE=9C][single=20
sign consisting of the epichoric pi with a mu&nbsp;inside]</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>Note that the font I'm =
using,=20
Palatino Linotype, does not provide the lower case for the stigma, =
qoppa, sampi,=20
or digamma.&nbsp; The Attic acrophonic is not yet represented in =
Unicode, though=20
it probably will be soon; I've provided the best approximating Greek =
characters=20
when available, and provided the two characters used in a vertical =
ligature=20
separately in brackets with an explanation.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>The stigma in the =
Milesian system=20
replaced an earlier digamma (<FONT size=3D3>=CF=9C=CD=B4</FONT>). =
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>Of course the Roman =
numerals later=20
used the system we're used to, IV for 4, IX for 9, XL for 40, XC for 90, =
CD for=20
400, and CM for 900.&nbsp; </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>etc.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>In addition to the books =
mentioned by=20
GP and CF, there's a Reading the Past book on Mathematics and =
Measurements=20
(O.A.W. Dilke) which provides an introduction and tables for both Greek =
systems=20
on pages 13-14, as well as other systems on other pages.&nbsp; This it =
would=20
seem to me would be a perfect book for students.&nbsp; </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>Hope this =
helps.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2>PTR</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D2><A=20
href=3D"mailto:ptrourke@methymna.com">ptrourke@methymna.com</A> =
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

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