From Basil_LOH@ENV.gov.sg Fri Mar 16 21:02:04 2001 Received: from mxu1.u.washington.edu (mxu1.u.washington.edu [140.142.32.8]) by lists.u.washington.edu (8.9.3+UW00.05/8.9.3+UW00.12) with ESMTP id VAA11002 for ; Fri, 16 Mar 2001 21:02:03 -0800 From: Basil_LOH@ENV.gov.sg Received: from medusa.internet.gov.sg (medusa.internet.gov.sg [160.96.179.7]) by mxu1.u.washington.edu (8.9.3+UW00.02/8.9.3+UW99.09) with ESMTP id VAA09230 for ; Fri, 16 Mar 2001 21:02:01 -0800 Received: from LMS01.LMS.GOV.SG (lms01.gov.sg [10.247.1.20]) by medusa.internet.gov.sg (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id MAA06201; Sat, 17 Mar 2001 12:59:54 +0800 (SGT) Received: by LMS01.LMS.GOV.SG (Soft-Switch LMS 3.2) with snapi via NOTESAU02 id 0054100048015997; Sat, 17 Mar 2001 13:00:16 +0800 To: Cc: Subject: RE: research announcement Message-ID: <0054100048015997000002L072*@MHS> Date: Sat, 17 Mar 2001 13:00:16 +0800 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="Boundary=_0.0_=0054100048015997" --Boundary=_0.0_=0054100048015997 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline Hi there, What is a standardised incidence ratio and how do you calculate it? Basil WAPHGIS-owner@u.washington.edu 17-03-2001 09:58 Please respond to waphgis To: shawnb@gatesfoundation.org @ SMTP, waphgis@u.washington.edu @ SMTP cc: Subject: RE: research announcement research announcement Boeser SM. Breast Cancer Incidence and Environmental Risks in Whatcom County, Washington. Master's Thesis: Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, April 2000. Abstract The use of powerful computer mapping and spatial analysis techniques, known as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), has aided researchers in establishing clues about disease incidence. In 1999-2000, this preliminary study using GIS to map breast cancer incidence and environmental risks revealed significant results in Whatcom County, Washington. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for 1344 cases from 1980 to 1997. >From 1990 to 1997 six census block groups exhibited significantly higher SIRs (averaging 200% above average) at p = 0.05. Five census block groups remained significantly high at p = 0.01. This significant difference was seen with only 8 of the 10 years of breast cancer case data. In addition to examining incidence, geographic patterns of established risk factors as well as known and suspected polluting exposures were assessed. Established demographic risk factors (urban residence, high socioeconomic status, and higher education) were mapped and compared relative to sites of excessive breast cancer incidence. Toxic sites examined included Superfund sites, hazardous waste sites, and areas with agricultural and other toxic exposures for the past 50 years. The six areas where the risk of breast cancer for the past decade were highest had little association with established demographic risk factors. All six areas had documented contamination that included PCBs, PAHs, pesticides, dioxin and other toxic chemicals and metals. SHAWN BOESER GIS Analyst/Researcher Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation P.O. 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