From owner-biophysics@net.bio.net Thu Mar 18 22:00:00 1999 From: "Clive Delmonte" Newsgroups: bionet.biophysics,bionet.xtallography Subject: DNA Structure: Puzzle #3 (Version 2) Date: Fri, 19 Mar 1999 12:38:23 -0000 Lines: 1031 X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.3110.3 NNTP-Posting-Host: 195.7.225.253 Message-ID: <36f2424c.0@news.netdirect.net.uk> X-Trace: 19 Mar 1999 12:25:48 GMT, 195.7.225.253 Path: biosci!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!news.kodak.com!news-nysernet-16.sprintlink.net!news-east1.sprintlink.net!news-peer1.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!news-peer.gip.net!news-lond.gip.net!news.gsl.net!gip.net!newspeer.clara.net!news.clara.net!peer.news.nildram.co.uk!news-peer.netdirect.net.uk!news.netdirect.net.uk!195.7.225.253 Xref: biosci bionet.biophysics:4880 bionet.xtallography:4659 X-Ray Diffraction from Fibres of Li-DNA Marvin et al. (5) drew fibres of the lithium salt of C-DNA in both hexagonal and orthorhombic lattices. In a hexagonal lattice of side 3.5 nm., systematic absences followed (-h+k) =/=3n for l=0, and (-h+k)=3n when l=1 or 2. Streaks were found on several layer lines and could be explained by molecules having a random axial translation of c/2, without using the systematic absences, according to Marvin et al. Fuller et al. (6) state that such a pattern of systematic absence allows the choice of a hexagonal unit cell of side reduced by root 3. Marvin et al. chose the larger unit cell, large enough to accommodate a double helix. If we elect to reduce the unit cell size, a double helix cannot be accommodated, and we find that the maximum, outer helix diameter is (3.5 nm / root 3) x sin 60 x 2/3 = 1.2 nm In an orthorhombic lattice, where Marvin et al. found a=3.22 nm and b=2.02 nm, large enough to accommodate a double helix, they report that systematic equatorial absences follow h+k=2n+1. This pattern of absence is reported by Langridge et al. (7) to allow the halving of the long side to form a new reduced unit cell. In a reduced orthorhombic cell with a=2.02 nm and b=1.61 nm, a double helix cannot be accommodated, and we find that the maximum outer diameter of a helix is now 1.3nm. In both hexagonal and orthorhombic lattices, the observed streaks in the patterns could result from a random axial displacement of duplexes of c/2, according to Marvin et al. If we elect to explore the implications of a random axial translation of c/2, utilising the layer line streaks as evidence, we are able to use the systematic absences in both lattices to choose a smaller unit cell in each case. Applying Stokes' equation to the helical cross of Li DNA in the Langridge paper (see attachment), we find delta = 41 degrees and the helical diameter to be 1.22 nm. A DNA helical diameter of 1.2 to 1.3 nm is therefore deducible directly from the STM work of Lee et al. (Puzzle 1, ref. 1) (and many other AFM &STM studies), or by applying Stokes' equation to Franklin's B-DNA diffraction pattern (Puzzle 2, ref. 3) and to diffraction from Li DNA in the C form (7), or from James and Mazia's surface film of B-DNA (Puzzle still to come). A very wide range of entirely separate experiments suggests that the helical diameter of the major diffractors (the sugar-phosphate chains) is 1.2 to 1.3 nm. This dimension is dictated solely by the Watson-Crick base pair width of 1.1 nm in a true side-by-side model (see attachment). --------------------------------------------------------- 5 The Molecular Configuration of Deoxyribonucleic Acid. III. X-ray Diffraction Study of the C form of the Lithium Salt; D.A. Marvin, M. Spencer, M.H.F. Wilkins & L.D. Hamilton; J Mol Biol Vol 3 (1961) 547 - 565 6 Molecular and Crystal Structures of Double-helical RNA; W. Fuller, F. Hutchinson, M. Spencer & M.H.F. Wilkins; J Mol Biol Vol 27 (1967) 507 - 524 7 The Molecular Configuration of Deoxyribonucleic Acid. I.; R. Langridge, H.R. Wilson, C.W. Hooper, M.H.F. Wilkins & L.D. 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MX_____^?___Y____________^C_______________^#____O^_P>_____\/' M_____\?__^?_________Q\?Y________________X/___^P;_8]______^ ` M!___^/_^'__________?]_O________________@____[WO]QW__________ M@ #_`(#__________]@W__[______________^#____O>_WC?___________ M___H#___________WO?__O______________X/___^ #_O!_____________ M_______________>]_P`_______________@____X /\./______________ M_____________\ '^_[______________^#____O^___________________ M____________P ?[________________X/___^_[_?__________________ M___________?]_O________________@____[__\?___________________ M_________]_W^_[______________^#____O__P?____________________ M___________X`/______________X/___^>'_0?_____________________ M_______CA_P`_______________@____X0/_H?______________________ M_____\'O__[______________^#____X>_^X?_______________________ M____V/?__O______________X/____Y[_[S_________________________ M___<=__________________@____[WO]H___________________________ M_]XW_P?______________^#____O>_T?____________________________ M[P?<`?______________X/___^ #_/_____________________________# MC]SY_______________@____X /]_______#``8!CAQAPP'_____________ MR_[______________^#____O^________^9SKS,_/O.=G?_____________C M_O______________X/___^_[_CC_____YG/N]_____YS+T\Y\O3S^7______________P!____ M___________@____Z#_][W_____G,_CSGS^//9_______________P?_____ M_________^#____]#_WO?____^?\`'______________________________^/C_________ M_____^#____M'_W_?______________________________[_O__________ M____X/___^C__?]_______________________________L&____________ M___@____Y___________________________________^][_____________ M_^#____O___________________________________[WO______________ MX/________________________________________@`_______________@ M________________________________________^ #______________^#_ M_______________________________________[_O______________X/__ M______________________________________O^_______________@____ M_____________________________________________________^#_____ M____________________________________________________X/______ M___________________________________________________@________ M_________________________________________________^#_________ M________________________________________________X/__________ M_______________________________________________@____________ M_____________________________________________^#_____________ M____________________________________________X/______________ M___________________________________________@________________ M_________________________________________^#_________________ M________________________________________X/__________________ M_______________________________________@____________________ M_____________________________________^#_____________________ M____________________________________X/______________________ M___________________________________@________________________ M_________________________________^#_________________________ M________________________________X/__________________________ M_______________________________@____________________________ M_____________________________^#_____________________________ M____________________________X/______________________________ M___________________________@________________________________ M_________________________^#_________________________________ M________________________X/__________________________________ M_______________________@____________________________________ M_____________________^#_____________________________________ M____________________X/______________________________________ M___________________@________________________________________ M_________________^#_________________________________________ M________________X/__________________________________________ M_______________@____________________________________________ M_____________^#_____________________________________________ M____________X/______________________________________________ M___________@________________________________________________ M_________^#_________________________________________________ M________X/__________________________________________________ M_______@____________________________________________________ M_____^#_____________________________________________________ M____X/______________________________________________________ M___@________________________________________________________ M_^#_________________________________________________________ MX/_________________________________________________________@ M_________________________________________________________^#_ M________________________________________________________X/__ M_______________________________________________________@____ M_____________________________________________________^#_____ M____________________________________________________X/______ M___________________________________________________@________ M_________________________________________________^#_________ E________________________________________________X `` ` end .