======================================================================
  Microsoft(R) Product Support Services Application Note (Text File)
                    GA0650: DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUTS
======================================================================
                                                   Revision Date: 3/96
                                                       1 Disk Included

The following information applies to Microsoft MS-DOS(R), Windows(R),
Windows for Workgroups, Windows NT(R), and Windows 95 (see below for
version numbers).

 --------------------------------------------------------------------
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| ACCOMPANY THIS DOCUMENT (collectively referred to as an            |
| Application Note) IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY      |
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| accuracy and the use of this Application Note. This Application    |
| Note may be copied and distributed subject to the following        |
| conditions: 1) All text must be copied without modification and    |
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| on the disk(s) must be copied without modification [the MS-DOS     |
| utility DISKCOPY is appropriate for this purpose]; 3) All          |
| components of this Application Note must be distributed together;  |
| and 4) This Application Note may not be distributed for profit.    |
|                                                                    |
| Copyright 1996 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.         |
| Microsoft, MS-DOS, Windows, and Windows NT are registered          |
| trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.                               |
|                                                                    | 
| Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.              |
| This document was created using Word for Windows.                  |
 --------------------------------------------------------------------

This Application Note applies to MS-DOS 5.0, 6.0, 6.2, 6.21, or 6.22,
Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups 3.1 or 3.11, Windows NT 3.1, 3.5,
or 3.51, and Microsoft Windows 95.

INTRODUCTION
============  

Microsoft distributes Dvorak keyboard layouts that make the most 
frequently typed characters on a keyboard more accessible to people 
who have difficulty using the standard "QWERTY" layout. There are 
three Dvorak layouts: one for two-handed users, one for people who 
type only with their left hand, and one for people who type only with 
their right hand. The left- or right-hand keyboard layouts can also be 
used by people who type with a wand.

The enclosed disk includes files that provide new keyboard layouts for 
Microsoft MS-DOS 5.0, 6.0, 6.2, 6.21, or 6.22, Windows 3.1, Windows 
for Workgroups 3.1 or 3.11, Windows NT 3.1, 3.5, or 3.51, and 
Microsoft Windows 95.

This application note explains how to install these layouts and 
restore your original layout. It also provides illustrations of the 
layouts.

WHAT IS A KEYBOARD LAYOUT?
==========================

A keyboard layout is a map or a definition of how keys are laid out on 
your keyboard. The keyboard layout you use is determined by software 
in your computer. The letters on your keys indicate the standard 
layout for your keyboard. There are many different keyboard layouts in 
use throughout the world. The one you ordinarily use depends on the 
country you are in or the language you use.

Dvorak Keyboard Layouts
-----------------------

Dvorak keyboard layouts are based on designs created by Dr. August 
Dvorak, a professor at the University of Washington during the 1930s 
and 1940s. Dr. Dvorak studied the way people type standard English, 
and determined the most common letter combinations. He then designed 
new keyboard layouts to speed up typing and reduce fatigue. These 
layouts, now called Dvorak or simplified keyboard layouts, were 
initially developed for two-handed typists. Following World War II, 
Dvorak layouts were developed for typists who use the right or left 
hand alone.

INSTALLING A DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT FOR MS-DOS
==============================================

This Application Note provides the Dvorak.sys file. This file supports 
the Dvorak keyboard layouts for two-handed and single-handed typists 
who use MS-DOS 5.0, 6.0, 6.2, 6.21, or 6.22.

To Install a United States (U.S.) Dvorak Keyboard Layout for MS-DOS
-------------------------------------------------------------------

 1. If you received a disk with this Application Note, insert the disk
    in the appropriate floppy disk drive.

    If you downloaded this Application Note from an online service,
    skip to step 2. This procedure assumes that you have already
    downloaded and extracted the compressed file.

 2. Copy the Dvorak.sys file from the GA0650 disk or from the folder
    containing the file you downloaded from an online service to your
    MS-DOS directory by typing the following command at the MS-DOS
    command prompt and pressing ENTER:

       copy <drive>:\dvorak.sys <destination>

    where <drive> is the floppy disk drive containing the GA0650 disk
    or the folder containing the file you downloaded from an online
    service and <destination> is the drive and directory where your
    MS-DOS files reside. For example, if you inserted the GA0650 disk
    in drive A and your MS-DOS directory is called DOS and is on drive
    C, type the following line at the MS-DOS command prompt and press
    ENTER:

       copy a:\dvorak.sys c:\dos\dvorak.sys

 3. To begin using one of the new keyboard layouts, type the
    appropriate command (as shown in the table below) at the MS-DOS
    command prompt and press ENTER:

       Keyboard Layout     Command
       Two-handed          keyb dv,,c:\dos\dvorak.sys
       Right-handed        keyb rh,,c:\dos\dvorak.sys
       Left-handed         keyb lh,,c:\dos\dvorak.sys

To load one of these keyboard layouts automatically when your computer 
starts, include the appropriate KEYB command in your Autoexec.bat 
file. The KEYB command should be placed after a PATH command that 
includes your MS-DOS directory. If your Autoexec.bat file includes the 
WIN or DOSSHELL command, make sure the KEYB command comes before the 
WIN or DOSSHELL command.

Once you have loaded one of the Dvorak layouts, you can easily switch 
between the Dvorak layout and the U.S. standard layout. To switch back 
to the U.S. standard layout, press CTRL+ALT+F1. To switch to the 
Dvorak layout, press CTRL+ALT+F2.

To Disable the United States (U.S.) Dvorak Keyboard Layout for MS-DOS
---------------------------------------------------------------------

To disable the United States (U.S.) Dvorak keyboard layout for MS-DOS, 
open the Autoexec.bat file (with a text editor such as MS-DOS Editor), 
delete the line with the KEYB command, save the file, and restart your 
computer.

INSTALLING A DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT FOR
WINDOWS 3.1 OR WINDOWS FOR WORKGROUPS
======================================== 

This Application Note provides the Kbdusr.dll and Kbdusl.dll files. 
These files support the Dvorak keyboard layouts for Windows 3.1 or 
Windows for Workgroups 3.1 or 3.11 users who type with the right hand 
or left hand alone. Windows already includes the U.S. Dvorak keyboard 
layout for users who type with two hands.

NOTE: If you use MS-DOS-based programs with Windows, you must install 
the Dvorak layouts for MS-DOS in order to get Dvorak support for those 
programs. For instructions, see the previous section, "Installing a 
Dvorak Keyboard Layout for MS-DOS."

To Install the U.S. Dvorak Keyboard Layout for Two-Handed Typists
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 1. Run Control Panel.

 2. In Control Panel, double-click the International icon. The
    International dialog box appears.

 3. In the Keyboard Layout box, click US-Dvorak.

 4. Click OK.

To disable the two-handed Dvorak layout and restore your original 
layout, follow the steps in the preceding procedure. In step 3, choose 
your original layout.

To Install a U.S. Dvorak Keyboard Layout for Single-Handed Typists
------------------------------------------------------------------

 1. If you received a disk with this Application Note, insert the disk
    in the appropriate floppy disk drive.

    If you downloaded this Application Note from an online service,
    skip to step 2. This procedure assumes that you have already
    downloaded and extracted the compressed file.

 2. If you want to use the right-handed Dvorak layout, copy the
    Kbdusr.dll file to the Windows\System folder on your hard disk. If
    you want to use the left-handed Dvorak layout, copy the Kbdusl.dll
    file to the Windows\System folder on your hard disk. You can do
    this by typing the following command at the MS-DOS command prompt
    and pressing ENTER:

       copy <drive>:\<progname> <destination>

    where <drive> is the floppy disk drive containing the GA0650 disk
    or the folder containing the file you downloaded from an online
    service, <progname> is Kbdusr.dll for the right-handed layout or
    Kbdusl.dll for the left-handed layout, and <destination> is the
    drive and folder for the Windows\System folder.

    For example, if you inserted the GA0650 disk in drive A and your
    Windows folder is called Windows and is on drive C, type one of
    the following commands at the MS-DOS command prompt:

       copy a:\kbdusr.dll c:\windows\system\kbdusr.dll

       -or-

       copy a:\kbdusl.dll c:\windows\system\kdbusl.dll

    If you are using a shared copy of Windows that is installed on a
    network server, copy the file to your private Windows folder.

 3. Use a text editor, such as Notepad, to open the System.ini file in
    the Windows folder.

 4. Find the section that begins with the following line:

       [keyboard]

 5. Within the [keyboard] section, find the following line:

       keyboard.dll=

 6. Depending on which keyboard layout you want to use, type
    KBDUSL.DLL or KBDUSR.DLL after the equal sign (=). When you are
    finished, the line should look like one of the following lines:

       keyboard.dll=kbdusl.dll

         -or-

       keyboard.dll=kbdusr.dll

 7. Save the System.ini file. 

 8. Quit and then restart Windows.

To Disable the Single-Handed Layout and
Restore Your Original Windows Keyboard Layout
---------------------------------------------

 1. Run Control Panel.

 2. In Control Panel, double-click the International icon. The
    International dialog box appears.

 3. In the Keyboard Layout box, click the keyboard layout you
    previously used.

 4. Click OK.

INSTALLING A DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT FOR WINDOWS NT 3.1, 3.5, OR 3.51
====================================================================

To Install a U.S. Dvorak Keyboard Layout for Two-Handed Typists
---------------------------------------------------------------

 1. Run Control Panel.

 2. In Control Panel, double-click the International icon. The
    International dialog box appears.

 3. In the Keyboard Layout box, click US-Dvorak.

 4. Click OK.

To disable the two-handed Dvorak layout and restore your original 
layout, follow the steps in the preceding procedure. In step 3, choose 
your original layout.

To Install a U.S. Dvorak Keyboard Layout for Single-Handed Typists
------------------------------------------------------------------

NOTE: The Dvorak single-handed keyboard layouts support only Intel(R) 
processors. They do not support RISC processors at this time.

 1. If there is an Oemlay0.inf file in the Windows NT\System32 folder,
    rename it with a unique file name. For example, rename it
    Oemlay1.inf (if there is not already an Oemlay1.inf file in the
    System32 folder) with the following command:

       ren c:\winnt\system32\oemlay0.inf c:\winnt\system32\oemlay1.inf

    NOTE: When you rename an Oemlayn.inf file, choose the next unused
    number to ensure Windows NT reads all the Oemlayn.inf files
    correctly (where n is a number). For example, if you have three
    Oemlay.inf files (Oemlay0.inf, Oemlay1.inf, and Oemlay2.inf),
    rename Oemlay0.inf to Oemlay3.inf.

 2. If you received a disk with this Application Note, insert the disk
    in the appropriate floppy disk drive.

    If you downloaded this Application Note from an online service,
    skip to step 3. This procedure assumes that you have already
    downloaded and extracted the compressed file.

 3. Copy the Oemlay0.inf file from the GA0650 disk or the folder
    containing the file you downloaded from an online service to the
    Windows NT\System32 folder on the hard disk. You can do this by
    typing the following command at the MS-DOS command prompt and
    pressing ENTER:

       copy <drive>:\oemlay0.inf <destination>

    where <drive> is the floppy disk drive containing the GA0650 disk
    or the folder containing the file you downloaded from an online
    service and <destination> is the drive and folder for the Windows
    NT\System32 folder.

    For example, if the GA0650 disk is in drive A and your Windows NT
    folder is called WINNT and is on drive C, type the following
    command at the MS-DOS command prompt and press ENTER:

 4. Run Control Panel.

 5. In Control Panel, double-click the International icon. The
    International dialog box appears.

 6. In the Keyboard Layout box, click US Left Single-Handed Layout or
    US Right Single-Handed Layout.

 7. Click OK. Windows NT prompts you to type the path to the Kbdrh.dll
    or Kbdlh.dll file.

 8. Type the path to the floppy disk drive that contains the GA0650
    disk or to the folder containing the file you downloaded from an
    online service.

    For example, if you put the disk in drive A, you would type the
    following:

       a:

 9. Click Continue.

To Disable the Single-Handed Layout and
Restore Your Original Windows NT Keyboard Layout
------------------------------------------------

 1. Run Control Panel.

 2. In Control Panel, double-click the International icon. The
    International dialog box appears.

 3. In the Keyboard Layout box, click the keyboard layout you
    previously used.

 4. Click OK.

INSTALLING A DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT FOR WINDOWS 95
==================================================

To Install a U.S. Dvorak Keyboard Layout for Two-Handed Typists
---------------------------------------------------------------

NOTE: If you use MS-DOS-based programs with Windows 95, you must 
install the Dvorak layouts for MS-DOS in order to get Dvorak support 
for those programs. For instructions, see the previous section, 
"Installing a Dvorak Keyboard Layout for MS-DOS."

 1. In Control Panel, double-click the Keyboard icon. Or, in Control
    Panel, select the Keyboard icon with the ARROW keys and then press
    ENTER.

 2. Click the Language tab. Or, select the Language tab by pressing
    CTRL+TAB.

 3. Click the language to which you want to add the Dvorak layout, and
    then click Properties. Or, use the ARROW keys to select the
    language to which you want to add the Dvorak layout, press TAB
    until Properties is selected, and then press ENTER.

 4. In the Keyboard Layout box, click United States-Dvorak, and then
    click OK. Or, use the ARROW keys to select United States-Dvorak,
    and then press ENTER.

 5. Click OK. Or, press TAB until OK is selected, and then press
    ENTER.

To Install a U.S. Dvorak Keyboard Layout for Single-Handed Typists
------------------------------------------------------------------

 1. If you received a disk with this Application Note, insert the disk
    in the appropriate floppy disk drive.

    If you downloaded this Application Note from an online service,
    skip to step 2. This procedure assumes that you have already
    downloaded and extracted the compressed file.

 2. Use Windows Explorer or My Computer to copy the following files
    from the GA0650 disk or the folder containing the file you
    downloaded from an online service to an empty folder on the hard
    disk:

       Dvoraklr.inf
       Kbddvl.kbd
       Kbddvr.kbd
       Multilng.inf

 3. In Windows Explorer or My Computer, use the right mouse button to
    click the Dvoraklr.inf file you copied to the new folder in step
    2, and then click Install on the menu that appears. Or, use the
    ARROW keys to select the Dvoraklr.inf file, and then press
    SHIFT+F10.

 4. In Control Panel, double-click the Keyboard icon. Or, in Control
    Panel, select the Keyboard icon with the ARROW keys and then press
    ENTER.

 5. Click the Language tab. Or, select the Language tab by pressing
    CTRL+TAB.

 6. Click the language to which you want to add the Dvorak layout, and
    then click Properties. Or, use the ARROW keys to select the
    language to which you want to add the Dvorak layout, press TAB
    until Properties is selected, and then press ENTER.

 7. In the Keyboard Layout box, click either United States-LH Dvorak
    for left-handed typists or United States-RH Dvorak for right-
    handed typists, and then click OK. Or, use the ARROW keys to
    select either United States-LH Dvorak for left-handed typists or
    United States-RH for right-handed typists, and then press ENTER.

 8. Click OK. Or, press TAB until OK is selected, and then press
    ENTER.

To Disable the Dvorak Layout and
Restore Your Original Windows 95 Keyboard Layout
------------------------------------------------

 1. In Control Panel, double-click the Keyboard icon. Or, in Control
    Panel, select the Keyboard icon with the ARROW keys and then press
    ENTER.

 2. Click the Language tab. Or, select the Language tab by pressing
    CTRL+TAB.

 3. Click the language from which you want to remove the Dvorak
    layout, and then click Properties. Or, use the ARROW keys to
    select the language from which you want to remove the Dvorak
    layout, press TAB until Properties is selected, and then press
    ENTER.

 4. In the Keyboard Layout box, click the layout you previously used,
    and then click OK. Or, use the ARROW keys to select the layout you
    previously used, and then press ENTER.

 5. Click OK. Or, press TAB until OK is selected, and then press
    ENTER.

To Switch Between a Dvorak Layout and Another Layout
----------------------------------------------------

You may need to switch back and forth between the Dvorak layout and 
another layout. An easy way to do this is to set up the Dvorak layout 
as another language, and then switch back and forth between languages. 
To do so, follow these steps:

 1. Make sure the Dvorak layout you want to use is already installed
    and operational on your computer. Refer to the previous sections
    if you need instructions for installing the Dvorak layout.

 2. Follow the instructions in the "To disable the Dvorak layout and
    restore your original Windows 95 keyboard layout" section above to
    restore your original layout.

 3. In Control Panel, double-click the Keyboard icon. Or, in Control
    Panel, select the Keyboard icon with the ARROW keys and then press
    ENTER.

 4. Click the Language tab. Or, select the Language tab by pressing
    CTRL+TAB.

 5. Click Add, or press ALT+D.

 6. In the Language box, click a language other than the language you
    are currently using, and then click OK. Or, use the ARROW keys to
    select a language other than the language you are currently using,
    and then press ENTER.
 
    NOTE: It does not matter which language you choose, because the
    Dvorak layout will be applied to the language instead of the
    normal keyboard layout for that language. It is helpful to choose
    a language that has a different two-letter code to indicate which
    language is in use. We recommend choosing Danish because it uses
    "Da" as its two-letter code, which might be helpful in
    distinguishing it as the Dvorak layout.

 7. Click the language to which you want to add the Dvorak layout, and
    then click Properties. Or, use the ARROW keys to select the
    language to which you want to add the Dvorak layout, press TAB
    until Properties is selected, and then press ENTER.

    NOTE: Make sure to apply the Dvorak layout to the new language,
    and not to the "English (United States)" language. 

 8. In the Keyboard Layout box, click United States-Dvorak for two-
    handed typists, United States-LH Dvorak for left-handed typists,
    or United States-RH Dvorak for right-handed typists, and then
    click OK. Or, use the ARROW keys to select United States-Dvorak
    for two-handed typists, United States-LH Dvorak for left-handed
    typists, or United States-RH for right-handed typists, and then
    press ENTER.

 9. In the Switch Languages box, click the option you want to use to
    switch languages. Or, press TAB until the selection enters the
    Switch Languages box, and then use the ARROW keys to select the
    option you want.

10. If you want a constant language indicator on the screen, click the
    Enable Indicator On Taskbar check box to select it. Or, press TAB
    until Enable Indicator On Taskbar is selected, and then press
    SPACE BAR to place a check mark in the check box.

11. Click OK. Or, press TAB until OK is selected, and then press
    ENTER. 

    NOTE: If you enabled the Enable Indicator On Taskbar option, you
    can click the two-letter language code on the taskbar and then
    click the language you want to use. You can also use the right
    mouse button to click the two-letter code and then click What's
    This for help or Properties to open Keyboard properties.

LEARNING TO USE THE DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUTS
===========================================

The illustrations on the next page can help you learn a new keyboard 
layout. You may want to take a class or purchase stickers to put on 
your keys so that you can see the new layout as you type. For 
information about classes and stickers, contact:

    KEYTIME
    4516 NE 54th St.
    Seattle, WA  98105-2933 
    (206) 522-TYPE (522-8973)
    (207) 524-2238 (fax)


STANDARD QWERTY KEYBOARD LAYOUT
--------------------------------------------
 ~  !  @  #  $  %  ^  &  *  (  )  _  +
 `  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0  -  =  bks
--------------------------------------------
                                   {  }  |
 tb  Q  W  E  R  T  Y  U  I  O  P  [  ]  \
--------------------------------------------
 cps                             :  "
 lck  A  S  D  F  G  H  J  K  L  ;  '  entr
--------------------------------------------
                            <  >  ?
 shft  Z  X  C  V  B  N  M  ,  . /   shft
--------------------------------------------


TWO-HANDED DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT
--------------------------------------------
 ~  !  @  #  $  %  ^  &  *  (  )  {  }
 `  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0  [  ]  bks
--------------------------------------------
     "  <  >                       ?  +
 tb  '  ,  . P  Y  F  G  C  R  L  /  =  \
--------------------------------------------
 cps                                _
 lck  A  O  E  U  I  D  H  T  N  S  -  entr
--------------------------------------------
       :
 shft  ;  Q  J  K  X  B  M  W  V  Z   shft
--------------------------------------------


RIGHT SINGLE-HANDED DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT
--------------------------------------------
 ~  !  @  #  $                 ?  {  }
 `  1  2  3  4  J  L  M  F  P  /  [  ]  bks
--------------------------------------------
     %  ^     >                    :  +  |
 tb  5  6  Q  . O  R  S  U  Y  B  ;  =  \
--------------------------------------------
 cps  &  *                          _
 lck  7  8  Z  A  E  H  T  D  C  K  -  entr
--------------------------------------------
       (  )     <                 "
 shft  9  0  X  ,  I  N  W  V  G  '   shft
--------------------------------------------


LEFT SINGLE-HANDED DVORAD KEYBOARD LAYOUT
--------------------------------------------
 ~  {  }  ?                 $  #  @  !
 `  [  ]  /  P  F  M  L  J  4  3  2  1  bks
--------------------------------------------
     :                       >  ^  %  +  |
 tb  ;  Q  B  Y  U  R  S  O  . 6  5  =  \
--------------------------------------------
 cps  _                          *  &
 lck  -  K  C  D  T  H  E  A  Z  8  7  entr
--------------------------------------------
       "                    <  )  (
 shft  '  X  G  V  W  N  I  ,  0  9   shft
--------------------------------------------



