
	      DAO.EXE - CDROM DISC-AT-ONCE RECORDING PROGRAM


>>> PROGRAM DESCRIPTION <<<

      DAO.EXE uses the "disc-at-once" recording method to make AUDIO,
  CDROM (Mode1), CDROM-XA (Mode2), CDI, CD+G, and MIXED-MODE discs.
  The discs will be either "redbook" or "yellowbook" compatible and
  can be used as masters for commercial CDROM production. You are
  required to write a CUE SHEET file for each disc which defines (among
  other things) the data files to be written and the starting time of
  each track/index point. This information is used to build the table
  of contents and subcode-Q data on the recorded disc. DAO gives you
  complete control over the track/index layout when creating audio
  discs. It is possible to define variable length "pause areas" between
  tracks (down to zero!) and to define subindexes to other points within
  a track.

  NOTE: The SNAPSHOT program can generate cue sheets for existing discs
  automatically.

  WARNING: This program is NOT freeware or shareware. If you have not
  purchased and registered the fully-functional version, then you have
  an illegal copy.

***********************************************************************

>>> LIST OF SUPPORTED RECORDERS <<<

Please refer to the following web page for the latest list of
supported devices...

  http://www.goldenhawk.com/devices.htm


***********************************************************************

>>> COMMAND LINE USAGE <<<

Usage: DAO <cuefile> [logfile] [/ID=ha:id:lun] [/BATCH] [/BEEP]
         [/CACHE=n] [/COPIES=n] [/EJECT] [/NOCONFIRM] [/NOUNDERRUN]
         [/SESSION] [/SPEED=n] [/RAW] [/TEST] [/TRANSPORT] [/UNLOCK]
cuefile     - Cue sheet filename
logfile     - Disc layout log filename (optional)
/ID         - SCSI ID of CD recorder (default is first found)
/BATCH      - Disable all messages and confirmation prompts
/BEEP       - Issue an audible 'beep' when recording has finished
/CACHE=n    - Cache size in megabytes (32-bit version only)
/COPIES=n   - Number of discs to be recorded (default is 1)
/EJECT      - Eject CD when recording has finished
/NOCONFIRM  - Disable all confirmation prompts
/NOUNDERRUN - Enable buffer underrun protection (if supported by recorder)
/RAW        - Enable RAW recording mode (if supported by recorder)
/SESSION    - Enable session-at-once recording (default is disc-at-once)
/SPEED=n    - Recording speed (default is maximum)
/TEST       - Enable test recording mode
/TRANSPORT  - Use KODAK disc transporter
/UNLOCK     - Unlock all programs from demonstration mode

/ID=ha:id:lun - Specifies the SCSI ID of the CD recorder.
  "ha"  = Host adpater number (usually zero)
  "id"  = SCSI ID number
  "lun" = Logical unit number (usually zero)

/BEEP - Issues a series of audible "beeps" on the PC speaker to
indicate that the recording has completed. Under Windows 95, this
only works if you have a sound card installed.

/COPIES - Specifies the number of copies that you want to make of the
disc. If you are making more than one copy, then you will be prompted to
insert a new disc after each recording even if /NOCONFIRM is specified.

/EJECT - Ejects the CD (or opens the tray) after recording has completed.

/NOCONFIRM - Disables all confirmation prompts on the screen.

/NOWARN - Disables all warning messages on the screen.

/SESSION - This will cause a new session to be opened on the disc
after the current session is finalized. This allows for the creation
of multisession discs. NOTE: This option is only supported on Philips
compatible recorders.

/SPEED - Recording speed (the default is the maximum allowed by the
selected CD recorder).

/TEST - This option is used to temporarily disable the recording laser
inside the CD recorder. A test recording takes just as long as writing
the disc for real. This option is used to make sure that your system
is properly configured and is capable of writing a disc at the selected
recording speed. You should use this option when you are using this
software for the first time or have made a significant change to your
hardware, such as installing a different recorder, SCSI card, or
motherboard. You must have a blank disc inside the recorder when using
this option (even though it is not written to). If you wish to write
the disc for real after the test recording, then you must eject the
blank disc and insert it back into the recorder.

***********************************************************************

>>> COMMON USER ERRORS <<<

1) TRACK TIMES - Track times are specified in minutes, seconds, and
   frames (e.g. 02:48:25). There are 75 frames per second. If you are
   using a WAV file editor to get your audio track times, it probably
   doesn't display the times in this format, so you will have to convert
   them. Most editors display time in either 30 frames per second or 
   in hundreths/thousanths of a second.

2) TRACKS LESS THAN 4 SECONDS LONG - The CDROM specification does not
   allow any tracks or indexes (other than index zero) to be less than
   four seconds long. DAO will warn you about any tracks that violate
   this rule. Most (or all) CD recorders will refuse to record a CD with
   this violation.

3) PREGAPS GREATER THAN 3 SECONDS LONG - Some recorders will refuse to
   record a disc with any pregaps that exceed three seconds in length.
   On the first track, you automatically get a pregap of two seconds,
   which is required by the CDROM spec. Unless you are doing something
   very odd, you should never need to extend the pregap of the first
   track (i.e. don't use the PREGAP command on the first track).

4) DATA LENGTH NOT A MULTIPLE OF THE CDROM SECTOR SIZE - If you are
   using an audio (WAV) file where the length of the data is not an
   exact multiple of the CDROM sector size (2352), then the last sector
   must be padded out with zeros when it is written to the recorder.
   This can cause a tiny "tick" between tracks. If you are making a disc
   from a live recording that has been broken up into several files,
   then you must make sure that each file is an exact multiple of the
   CDROM sector size. Otherwise, there will not be a perfectly seamless
   transition between tracks.

***********************************************************************

>>> IMPORTANT! PLEASE READ THIS <<<

    When using DAO recording mode on *all* recorders except the
Philips, you may notice that your PC appears to hang (i.e. no disk
activity) soon after recording begins. Dont panic! This is completely
normal. Let me explain why... When you start DAO recording mode,
the recorder will keep accepting data until its internal cache
becomes almost full. At this point, it "disconnects" itself from the
SCSI bus and starts to write the leadin track automatically. Writing
the leadin takes approximately two minutes (at 2x speed). Once the
leadin has been written, the recorder "reconnects" itself to the SCSI
bus and starts writing the first user track beginning with the data
that it had buffered prior to writing the leadin. Disk activity will
then resume normally. As soon as the last user track has been written,
the recorder will once again disconnect itself to write the leadout
track and the PC will appear to hang again. All Philips recorders do
not exhibit this behavior because it is the responsibilty of the
application program (e.g. DAO.EXE) to write the leadin and leadout
tracks. Disconnect and reconnect are features of the SCSI protocol.
It allows a device to stop using the SCSI bus during long operations,
so that other devices may use it.

***********************************************************************

>>> CUE SHEET FILES <<<

    You must write a CUE SHEET file (using any text editor) for each
disc to be recorded. This file defines all of the files to be written
and the starting times of each track/index point.

The following commands are currently recognized...
  CATALOG, FILE, TRACK, INDEX, FLAGS, PREGAP, POSTGAP, ISRC, and REM.

========================================================================

>> CATALOG Command

  This command is used to specify the disc's "media catalog number".
  It will typically be used only when mastering a CD for commercial
  disc production.
  
    Syntax : CATALOG <media-catalog-number> 
  
    Example: CATALOG 1234567890123
  
    Rules  : The catalog number must be 13 digits long and is encoded
             according to UPC/EAN rules. This command can appear only
             once in the CUE SHEET file (it will usually be the first
             line, although this isn't mandatory).

========================================================================

>> FILE Command

  This command is used to specify a data file that will be written
  to the CD recorder.

    Syntax : FILE <filename> <filetype>
               filename - File name (can include device/directory).

               Note: If the name contains any spaces, then it must be
               enclosed in quotation marks.

               filetype - File type.

               The following filetypes are allowed...
                 BINARY   - Intel binary file
                 MOTOROLA - Motorola binary file
                 WAVE     - Audio WAVE file
                 AIFF     - Audio AIFF file
                 MP3      - Audio MP3 file

               Note: All audio files must be 44.1KHz 16-bit stereo format
               and MP3 files are only supported in the 32-bit DOS version.

    Example: FILE C:\DATA\TRACK1.ISO BINARY
             FILE C:\MUSIC\TRACK2.WAV WAVE
             FILE "C:\MUSIC\LONG FILENAME.WAV" WAVE

    Rules  : FILE commands must appear before any other command 
	     except CATALOG.

  NOTE: For AUDIO files only, if the length of the file is not an
  exact multiple of 2352 bytes, then the last sector will be padded
  with zeros.

========================================================================

>> TRACK Command

  This command is used to specify a track number and the type
  of data that will written in the track.
  
    Syntax : TRACK <number> <datatype>
               number   - Track number (1-99)
               datatype - Track datatype

	       The following datatypes are allowed...
                 AUDIO      - Audio/Music (2352)
                 CDG        - Karaoke CD+G (2448)
                 MODE1/2048 - CDROM Mode1 Data (cooked)
                 MODE1/2352 - CDROM Mode1 Data (raw)
                 MODE2/2336 - CDROM-XA Mode2 Data (cooked)
                 MODE2/2352 - CDROM-XA Mode2 Data (raw)
                 CDI/2336   - CDI Mode2 Data (cooked)
                 CDI/2352   - CDI Mode2 Data (raw)

	      Supported datatypes and blocksizes (by recorder model)...

			   AUDIO  AUDIO  MODE1  MODE1  MODE2  MODE2
			    2352   2448   2048   2352   2336   2352
			 -------------------------------------------
	       OLYMPUS   |  Yes    No     Yes    Yes    Yes    Yes
	       PHILIPS   |  Yes    No     No     Yes    No     Yes
               PINNACLE  |  Yes    No     Yes    No     Yes    No
	       SONY      |  Yes    No     Yes    Yes    Yes    Yes
	       YAMAHA    |  Yes    Yes    Yes    Yes    Yes    Yes
			 -------------------------------------------

    Example: TRACK 1 MODE1/2048
             TRACK 20 AUDIO
  
    Rules  : All track numbers must be between 1 and 99 inclusive.
	     The first track number can be greater than one, but
	     all track numbers after the first must be sequential.
	     You must specify at least one track per file.

=======================================================================

>> INDEX Command

  This command is used to specify indexes (or subindexes) within a track.
  
    Syntax : INDEX <number> <mm:ss:ff>
	       number   - Index number (0-99). 
	       mm:ss:ff - Starting time in minutes, seconds, and frames.
			  (75 frames per second!) All times are relative
			  to the beginning of the current file.
	     
    Example: INDEX 01 00:00:00
	     INDEX 05 02:34:50
  
    Rules  : All index numbers must be between 0 and 99 inclusive.
	     The first index of any track must be 0 or 1 with all
	     other indexes being sequential to the first. The first
	     index of a file must start at 00:00:00.

	     INDEX 0   - Specifies the starting time of the track "pregap".
	   
	     INDEX 1   - Specifies the starting time of the track data.
			 This is the only index that is recorded in the
			 disc's table-of-contents.
	   
	     INDEX > 1 - Subindex within a track (most CD *players* do
			 not support subindexes).

========================================================================

>> FLAGS Command

  This command is used to set a track's subcode flags. These flags
  are rarely used on any discs made today.

    Syntax : FLAGS <flags>...
               flags - Specifies one or more track flags.

               The following flags are allowed...
                 DCP - Digital copy permitted
                 4CH - Four channel audio
                 PRE - Pre-emphasis
  
    Example: FLAGS DCP
             FLAGS 4CH PRE

    Rules  : The FLAGS command must appear after a TRACK command,
             but before any INDEX commands. Only one FLAGS command
             is allowed per track.

    NOTE: There is a fourth subcode flag called "DATA" which is set
    for all non-audio tracks. This flag is set automatically based
    on the datatype of the track.

========================================================================

>> PREGAP Command

  This command is used to specify the length of a track pregap.
  The pregap is generated internally by DAO. No data is consumed
  from the current data file.

    Syntax : PREGAP <mm:ss:ff>
	       mm:ss:ff - Specifies the length of the pregap in minutes,
			  seconds, and frames (75 frames per second!).
  
    Example: PREGAP 00:02:00
  
    Rules  : The PREGAP command must appear after a TRACK command,
             but before any INDEX commands. Only one PREGAP command
             is allowed per track.

========================================================================

>> POSTGAP Command

  This command is used to specify the length of a track postgap.
  The postgap is generated internally by DAO. No data is consumed
  from the current data file.

    Syntax : POSTGAP <mm:ss:ff>
               mm:ss:ff - Specifies the length of the postgap in minutes,
			  seconds, and frames (75 frames per second!).
  
    Example: POSTGAP 00:02:00
  
    Rules  : The POSTGAP command must appear after all INDEX commands
             for the current track. Only one POSTGAP command is allowed
             per track.

========================================================================

>> ISRC Command

  This command is used to specify a track's "International Standard 
  Recording Code" (ISRC). It will typically be used only when mastering 
  a CD for commercial disc production.
  
    Syntax : ISRC <code>
  
    Example: ISRC ABCDE1234567
  
    Rules  : The ISRC must be 12 characters in length. The first
	     five characters are alphanumeric, but the last seven
	     are numeric only. If it it used, the ISRC command must
	     be specified after a TRACK command, but before any
	     INDEX commands.

========================================================================

>> REM Command

  This command is used to put comments in your CUE SHEET file.
  
    Syntax : REM <comment>
  
    Example: REM This is a comment
  
    Rules  : None.

========================================================================

>>> EXAMPLE CUE SHEETS <<<

EXAMPLE #1 - Audio disc from a single data file with no "pause areas"
between tracks.

FILE C:\MYAUDIO.WAV WAVE
  TRACK 01 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
  TRACK 02 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 05:50:65
  TRACK 03 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 09:47:50
  TRACK 04 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 15:12:53
  TRACK 05 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 25:02:40
  TRACK 06 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 27:34:05
  TRACK 07 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 31:58:53
  TRACK 08 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 35:08:65

========================================================================

EXAMPLE #2 - Audio disc from multiple data files (one track per file)
with no "pause areas" between tracks.

FILE C:\TRACK1.WAV WAVE
  TRACK 01 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
FILE C:\TRACK2.WAV WAVE
  TRACK 02 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
FILE C:\TRACK3.WAV WAVE
  TRACK 03 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
FILE C:\TRACK4.WAV WAVE
  TRACK 04 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 00:00:00

The data files will be recorded continuously with no gaps between
them. However, if a data file is not an exact multiple of the CDROM
sector size (2352 bytes), then the last sector will be automatically
padded with zeros. This could result in a gap between tracks with a
maximum length of 1/75th second.

========================================================================

EXAMPLE #3 - Audio disc using multiple data files (multiple tracks
per file) with no "pause areas" between tracks.

FILE C:\TRACK1.WAV WAVE
  TRACK 01 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
  TRACK 02 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 05:50:65
  TRACK 03 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 09:47:50
  TRACK 04 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 15:12:53
FILE C:\TRACK2.WAV WAVE
  TRACK 05 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 00:00:00   ; Times are relative to beginning of current file
  TRACK 06 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 02:31:40
  TRACK 07 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 06:56:13
  TRACK 08 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 10:06:25

========================================================================

EXAMPLE #4 - Audio disc with "pause areas" (pregaps).

FILE C:\MYAUDIO1.WAV WAVE
  TRACK 01 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
  TRACK 02 AUDIO
    INDEX 00 05:49:65   ; 1 second pregap
    INDEX 01 05:50:65
  TRACK 03 AUDIO
    INDEX 00 09:45:50   ; 2 second pregap
    INDEX 01 09:47:50
  TRACK 04 AUDIO
    INDEX 00 15:09:53   ; 3 second pregap
    INDEX 01 15:12:53

The pause areas are written with data from the current file. It is
not required that this data be "digital silence" (all zeros).

The first track always begins with a mandatory two second pregap.
This is required by the CDROM specification and is generated
automatically by the software.

========================================================================

EXAMPLE #5 - Using the PREGAP command.

FILE C:\MYAUDIO1.WAV WAVE
  TRACK 01 AUDIO
    PREGAP 00:01:00             ; adds an additional one second to
    INDEX 01 00:00:00           ; the first track pregap.
FILE C:\MYAUDIO2.WAV WAVE
  TRACK 02 AUDIO
    PREGAP 00:02:00
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
FILE C:\MYAUDIO3.WAV WAVE
  TRACK 03 AUDIO
    PREGAP 00:01:00
    INDEX 00 00:00:00
    INDEX 01 00:01:00

The pregaps that are written as a result of the PREGAP command are
always generated internally by DAO. They do not consume data from
the current file. Is is possible to mix the source of the pregaps as
shown in TRACK 03... one second of pregap will be generated internally
and another second will be consumed from the file. All pregaps that
are generated internally contain "digital silence" (all zeros).

========================================================================

EXAMPLE #6 - Using the CATALOG, ISRC, and INDEX commands.

CATALOG 3898347789120
FILE C:\MYAUDIO1.WAV WAVE
  TRACK 01 AUDIO
    ISRC ABCDE1234567
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
    INDEX 02 02:00:00
    INDEX 03 04:00:00
FILE C:\MYAUDIO2.WAV WAVE
  TRACK 02 AUDIO
    ISRC XYZZY0000000
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
  TRACK 03 AUDIO
    ISRC 123456789012
    INDEX 00 03:00:00
    INDEX 01 03:02:00
    INDEX 02 05:34:32
    INDEX 03 08:12:49
    INDEX 04 10:01:74

**********************************************************************

>>> HOW TO MAKE A "DATA" DISC <<<

    A "DATA" disc refers to any disc where the first track is *not*
audio. This track can be either CDROM (Mode1) or CDROM-XA (Mode2).
It is also possible to make a "mixed-mode" disc where the first track
is DATA and all other tracks are AUDIO.

    To make a DATA disc, you must have a program that can build an
ISO9660 image file for you (or copy an ISO data track from an existing
disc). After you have prepared the ISO file, here is the procedure to
record the disc using DAO...
	  
1) If you are using any of the Philips recorders, you must convert
   your ISO9660 image file to raw CDROM sectors using the program
   ISO2RAW.EXE. This is *mandatory* since these recorders will only
   accept raw sectors in disc-at-once recording mode.

2) Write a CUE SHEET. 

3) Use DAO.EXE to record the disc.

**********************************************************************

>>> EXAMPLE CUE SHEETS FOR "DATA" and "MIXED-MODE" DISCS <<<

EXAMPLE #1 - Single track DATA disc (non-PHILIPS recorders).

FILE C:\MYDATA.ISO BINARY
  TRACK 01 MODE1/2048
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
  POSTGAP 00:02:00              ; Must add postgap to track!!

NOTE: The POSTGAP command is not needed if the ISO data was copied from
the track of an existing disc (the postgap will already be part of the
track). On the other hand, if you built the file using an ISO formatting
program, then you must add a postgap.

========================================================================

EXAMPLE #2 - Single track DATA disc (using a "raw image file").

FILE C:\MYDATA.RAW BINARY
  TRACK 01 MODE1/2352
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
  POSTGAP 00:02:00
  
NOTE: The POSTGAP command is optional depending on whether or not
you already added the postgap with the ISO2RAW program.

========================================================================

EXAMPLE #3 - Mixed-mode Disc (one data track and three audio tracks).

FILE C:\MYDATA.ISO BINARY
  TRACK 01 MODE1/2048
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
  POSTGAP 00:02:00                       
FILE C:\MYAUDIO.WAV WAVE
  TRACK 02 AUDIO
    PREGAP 00:02:00
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
  TRACK 03 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 05:50:65
  TRACK 04 AUDIO
    INDEX 01 09:47:50

NOTE: You *must* have a PREGAP (minimum of 2 seconds) between the data
track and the first audio track.

**********************************************************************

Please send all suggestions, comments, and bug reports to...

Golden Hawk Technology
909 Columbia Circle
Merrimack, NH 03054

Phone: 603-429-1008
FAX  : 603-429-0073

URL  : http://www.goldenhawk.com
EMAIL: support@goldenhawk.com

**********************************************************************

Updated on JANUARY 10, 2003

