COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO, EIGHTH DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA NO. 85174 UMAIMA I. ABUHAMDA-SLIMAN, : ACCELERATED DOCKET : : JOURNAL ENTRY Plaintiff-Appellee : : AND v. : : OPINION AHMAD SLIMAN, : : : Defendant-Appellant : DATE OF ANNOUNCEMENT OF DECISION: JUNE 9, 2005 CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil Appeal from Common Pleas Court, Domestic Relations Division, Case No. DR-298019. JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED. DATE OF JOURNALIZATION: APPEARANCES: For Plaintiff-Appellee: Fred C. Crosby Pomerantz & Crosby 20676 Southgate Park Blvd., Suite 103 Maple Heights, OH 44137 For Defendant-Appellant: Harvey B. Bruner Bruner & Jordan 1600 Illuminating Building 55 Public Square Cleveland, OH 44113 -2- CHRISTINE T. McMONAGLE, J.: This cause came on to be heard upon the accelerated calendar pursuant to App.R. 11.1 and Loc.R. 25, the records from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas, the briefs and the oral arguments of counsel. Ahmad Sliman, defendant-appellant and father-in-law of appellee, appeals from the Domestic Relations Court 's judgment granting Umaima I. Abuhamda-Sliman, plaintiff-appellee and daughter-in-law of appellant, a domestic violence civil protection order. For the reasons that follow, we affirm. On March 24, 2004, appellee petitioned for a domestic violence civil protection order. An ex parte hearing was held that same day, at the conclusion of which the trial court granted appellee's petition. A full hearing was conducted by a magistrate on May 5, 2004, following which it was ordered that the protection order remain in full force and effect until May 4, 2009. Appellant filed an objection to the magistrate's decision, and the trial court overruled appellant's objection. Appellant now appeals to this court, and in his sole assignment of error, contends that the trial court abused its discretion in granting appellee's request for the protection order. We disagree. The record before us shows that appellee, her husband, and their 18-month-old son had been living with appellant for approximately two-and-a-half years prior to the incident which -3- prompted her to seek a protection order. Specifically, on February 14, 2004, appellee and her husband, appellant's son, had an argument which led to her husband requesting that she leave the residence. Appellee's husband was not at home at the time he made the request and, according to appellant, requested that appellant oversee appellee's departure. To assist her in gathering and moving her belongings, appellee's two brothers came to the residence. Appellee and one of her brothers testified at the full hearing on this matter that while appellee, her son, and the two brothers were upstairs in appellee's bedroom packing her belongings, appellant came into the bedroom, threatened to shoot them, and then immediately thereafter proceeded to his bedroom. Appellee testified that she knew appellant owned a gun, that she believed he kept the gun in his bedroom, and that appellant's threat caused her to fear for her own life and that of her child. Appellee further testified that appellant had displayed violent behavior toward her child in the past, including physically pushing him, throwing objects around in his presence, and speaking violently in his presence. Appellee and her brother testified that as a result of appellant's threat, they immediately fled the scene with the child. At the full hearing on this matter, appellant admitted that he does own a gun, but testified that he keeps it at his gas station rather than at home. Appellant further denied making any threats -4- to appellee, her son, or her brothers. In fact, appellant testified that he felt threatened after an exchange with one of appellee's brothers, and shortly after that exchange, called the police. According to appellant, the exchange occurred shortly after the arrival of appellee 's brothers, which was sometime between 8:30 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. The police report which was admitted into evidence at the full hearing showed that appellant called the police at 9:55 p.m., and they arrived at appellant's residence at 10:07 p.m. Protection orders issued under R.C. 3113.31 are an "appropriate and efficacious method to prevent future domestic violence ***." Felton v. Felton (1997), 79 Ohio St.3d 34, 41, 679 N.E.2d 672. Because the domestic violence statutes assign to the courts the responsibility for issuing protection orders, "the courts have an obligation to carry out the legislative goals to protect the victims of domestic violence. " Id. at 44-45. The Felton court observed: "The General Assembly enacted the domestic violence statutes specifically to criminalize those activities commonly known as domestic violence and to authorize a court to issue protection orders designed to ensure the safety and protection of a complainant in a domestic violence case. Accordingly, R.C. 3113.31 authorizes a court in an ex parte hearing to issue a temporary protection order when the court finds there to be an `immediate and -5- present danger of domestic violence to the family or household member.' R.C. 3113.31(D). Subsequent to this, the court proceeds as in a normal civil action and grants a full hearing. R.C. 3113.31(D). After such hearing, the court may issue a protection order that may direct the respondent to refrain from abusing the family or household members, grant possession of the household to the petitioner to the exclusion of the respondent, temporarily allocate parental rights and responsibilities and visitation rights, require the respondent to maintain support, require all parties to seek counseling, require the respondent to refrain from entering the residence, school, business, or place of employment of the petitioner, and grant any other relief that the court considers equitable and fair. R.C. 3113.31(E)(1). " Id. at 37-38. (citations and footnote omitted). When granting a protection order, the trial court must find that the petitioner has shown by a preponderance of the evidence that the petitioner or the petitioner's family or household members are in danger of domestic violence. Felton, supra, paragraph two of the syllabus. Because the standard for reviewing such orders has not been authoritatively articulated, there has been some noted inconsistency among the appellate courts. See O'Hara v. Dials (Feb. 2, 1996), Erie App. No. E-95-044; Snyder v. Snyder (Aug. 15, 1995), Ross App. No. 94 CA 2068,(Stephenson, J., concurring). -6- Some courts have reviewed these orders only for abuse of discretion. See, e.g., Strong v. Bauman (May 21, 1999), Montgomery App. Nos. 17256, 17414; Woolum v. Woolum (Feb. 1, 1999), Preble App. No. CA98-07-010; Moman v. Smith (Oct. 14, 1996), Clermont App. No. CA96-05-047; O'Hara v. Dials, supra; Beach v. Beach (Oct. 27, 1992), Franklin App. No. 92AP-321; Deacon v. Landers (1990), 68 Ohio App.3d 26, 587 N.E.2d 395; Thomas v. Thomas (1988), 44 Ohio App.3d 6, 540 N.E.2d 745. Other courts have considered whether the judgment was supported by competent credible evidence going to all the essential elements. See, e.g., Still v. Still (Apr. 23, 1999), Montgomery App. No. 17416; Kiedrowicz v. Kiedrowicz (Apr. 9, 1999), Huron App. No. H-98-049; Conkle v. Wolfe (1998), 131 Ohio App.3d 375,722 N.E.2d 586; Sroka v. Sroka (1997), 121 Ohio App.3d 728, 700 N.E.2d 916; Snyder v. Snyder, supra; Eichenberger v. Eichenberger (1992), 82 Ohio App.3d 809, 613 N.E.2d 678. Still other courts have applied some combination of the two. See, e.g., Trent v. Trent (May 10, 1999), Preble App. No. CA98-09- 014; Sitton v. Sitton (Feb. 5, 1999), Montgomery App. No. 17262; Siouffi v. Siouffi (Dec. 18, 1998), Montgomery App. No. 17113; Tischler v. Vahcic (Nov. 16, 1995), Cuyahoga App. No. 68053; West v. West (Dec. 7, 1994), Montgomery App. No. 14600; Stanzak v. Stanzak (Sept. 10, 1990), Butler App. No. CA89-09-124. We think our standard of review must depend on the nature of -7- the challenge to the protection order. Because R.C. 3113.31 expressly authorizes the courts to craft protection orders that are tailored to the particular circumstances, it follows that the trial court has discretion in establishing the scope of a protection order and that judgment ought not be disturbed absent an abuse of discretion. When the issue is whether a protection order should have issued at all, however, the resolution of that question depends on whether the petitioner has shown by a preponderance of the evidence that the petitioner or the petitioner's family or household member was entitled to relief. Felton, supra, paragraph two of the syllabus. The Felton court held that there was "sufficient, credible evidence to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that appellee had engaged in acts of domestic violence," 79 Ohio St.3d at 44, without expressing any view as to whether the lower court abused its discretion. It is reasonable to infer from Felton that when a respondent contends that it was error to issue a protection order, the question on review is whether there was sufficient credible evidence to support a finding that the respondent had engaged in acts or threats of domestic violence. See Id. at 43-44; Sroka v. Sroka, supra, 121 Ohio App.3d at 730. Resolving that issue here requires us to decide whether there was sufficient credible evidence to support the finding that appellant had engaged in acts or threats of domestic violence. -8- R.C. 3113.31(A)(1) defines "domestic violence"as: "the occurrence of one or more of the following acts against a family or household member: *** (b) Placing another person by the threat of force in fear of imminent serious physical harm or committing a violation of section 2903.211 or 2911.211 of the Revised Code[.]" The trial court's judgment entry specified the following grounds upon which it determined that appellant had engaged in acts or threats of domestic violence: 1. Appellant threatened to shoot appellee, her son, and her brothers; 2. Appellant owns a gun; 3. Appellee knew appellant owned a gun; and 4. Upon being threatened by appellant, appellee was in fear of imminent serious physical harm, and said fear was reasonable. Our own review of the record causes us to conclude that there was sufficient credible evidence upon which the trial court could reasonably find that appellant 's conduct toward appellee constituted "domestic violence" within the meaning of R.C. 3113.31(A)(1)(b). We note that the magistrate found appellee 's testimony to be the most credible. Because the trial court is in the best position to view the witnesses and observe their demeanor when weighing the credibility of their testimony, we give deference to its findings. Seasons Coal Co., Inc. v. Cleveland (1984), 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 79-80. Thus, we find that appellee 's testimony regarding appellant 's threat, his history of violence directed toward her son, and -9- appellee's rapid departure with her son from appellant's home after the threat was made, constituted substantial competent and credible evidence that appellant had by threat of force placed appellee in fear of imminent serious physical harm. Accordingly, appellant's assignment of error is overruled, and the judgment of the trial court is affirmed. -10- It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed. The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal. It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. CHRISTINE T. McMONAGLE JUDGE DIANE KARPINSKI, P.J., and KENNETH A. ROCCO, J., CONCUR. N.B. This entry is an announcement of the court's decision. See App.R. 22(B), 22(D) and 26(A); Loc.App.R. 22. This decision will be journalized and will become the judgment and order of the court pursuant to App.R. 22(E) unless a motion for reconsideration with supporting brief, per App.R. 26(A), is filed within ten (10) days of the announcement of the court's decision. The time period for review by the Supreme Court of Ohio shall begin to run upon the journalization of this court's announcement of decision by the clerk per App.R. 22(E). See, also, S.Ct.Prac.R. II, Section 2(A)(1). .