µo«H¤H: mkuhigh.bbs@ptt.cc (­«·s¶}©l)
¤é´Á: 10 Apr 2005 19:25:24 +0800 (CST)
¼ÐÃD: ¦t©z½×¨t¦C 1.2 -- ¦t©z¶ZÂ÷ªº´ú¶q (¤G)
«H¸s: tw.bbs.sci.astronomy    ¬ÝªO: sky
¨Ó·½: <4HXMdi$K4X@ptt.cc>:24549, sally.csie.ntu.edu.tw
²Õ´: §å½ð½ð¹ê·~

[±ÛÁu©M¾ò¶ê»Èªe, ¥H¤Î¥¦­Ìªº¥úÃнu¼e«×]
(Spiral and Elliptical Galaxies and Their Spectral Line Widths)

  Tully ©M Fisher ¦b 1977 ¦~µo²{, ¥Ñ±ÛÁu»Èªeªº²B¶³©Òµo¥X¨Óªº 21 ¤½¤À
¥úÃнuªº¼e«×, ·|ÀHµÛ»Èªe¥ú«×ªº¼W¥[¦Ó¼W¥[, ¦]¦¹¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó¤Ï±À»Èªe¥ú«×.
¦Ó³o­Ó¥úÃнuÅܼeªº²{¶H, ¦bµy«á¤]¦b¥i¨£¥ú°Ï¶¡ªº¥úÃеo²{. ¥úÃнuªºÅܼe
¬O¥Ñ©ó²B¶³¹ÎÀô¶µÛ»Èªe¤¤¤ß¹BÂà, ©Ò³y¦¨ªº³£´¶°Ç®ÄÀ³. ¦]¦¹³o­ÓÅܼeªº²{
¶H¦³®É¤]ºÙ¬° "³t«×´²§G" [¤@]. ³Ì«Gªº»Èªe¦³³Ì¤jªº½è¶q, ¦]¦¹¦³³Ì¤jªº­y
¹D³t«×©M³Ì¼eªº¥úÃнu.

  ´N¾ò¶ê»Èªe¦Ó¨¥, Faber ©M Jackson ¦b 1976 ¦~µo²{, ¬P¨tªº§l¦¬¥úÃмe
«×©M¥ú«×¦³¬ÛÃö©Ê. ©Ò¥H¬Û¦Pªº¤èªk¥i¥HÀ³¥Î©ó³oºØ»Èªe. ³Ì·sªº¤èªk«h¬O§â
¥ú«×©M»Èªeªí­±«G«×´|¦X¦¨¬°¤@­Ó°Ñ¼Æ, D_n. ¦Ó³o­Ó°Ñ¼Æ©M³t«×´²§G¬O¦³Ãö
³sªº. (ºÙ¬° D_n - \sigma Ãö«Y).

[¦æ¬Pª¬¬P¶³] (Planetary Nebulas)

  ³o¬O¨ª¼öªº«í¬P¦bºt¤Æªº¥½´Á©Ò©ß¥Xªº²yª¬¥~´ß. ¥¦ªº¿Ã¥ú¨Ó¦Û©ó¨ª¼ö¬PÅé
ªº·ÓÄ£. ¦æ¬Pª¬¬P¶³«ÜÂ×´I (¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡, ¨C­Ó»Èªe¨t³£¦³¼Æ¦Ê­Ó).  ¦Ó¥¦­Ìªº
¥ú¨~ -- ¦b¥úÃФ¤ªº³q±`¬O¤@±ø²Ó¯¾ -- «Ü®e©öÆ[´ú. µM¦Ó, ³æ¿Wªº¦æ¬Pª¬¬P
¶³¨Ã¤£¬O¤@­Ó¦nªº¶ZÂ÷«ü¥Ü¾¹, ¦]¬°¥L­Ìªº¥ú«×½d³ò¤Ó¼s. ©Ò¥H¬ì¾Ç®a§â©Ò¦³
ªº¦æ¬Pª¬¬P¶³¥ú«×, ø»s¦¨¤@­Ó¥ú«×¤À§G¨ç¼Æ, ¦A®³¨Ó°µ¬°¼Ð·Ç¥ú·½¤§¥Î.

[ªí­±«G«×ªi°Ê] (Surface-Brightness Fluctuations)

  ·í§Ú­ÌÆ[¹î»·¤èªº¾ò¶ê»Èªe, ¦]¬°¥¦¤Ó»·¤F, §Ú­ÌµLªk¬Ý²M¨C¤@Áû¬P, §Ú­Ì
¶È¯à°÷¬Ý¨ì¤@¹Îªí­±¦³¥ú¨~ªºµo¥ú¶³¹Î. µM¦Ó, ªí­±ªº«G«×¨Ã¤£§¡¤Ã. ¦b»Èªe
¤º¬Y¨Ç¦a¤èªº¬P¥ú¯S§O¶°¤¤, ¤×¨ä¬O¨º¨Ç¸û¤jªº¦æ¬P, ¨Ï±o»Èªeªí­±¬Ý°_¨Ó¦³
ÂI´³»é. ³o­Ó´³»éªº±¡§Î, ´N¥s°µªí­±«G«×ªi°Ê, ¦³®É¤]ºÙ¬° "ªì©l¤À¿ë²v"
[¤G]. ªi°Êªº¼Æ¶q©M¶ZÂ÷¦³Ãö: ³Ìªñªº»Èªe¦³³Ì±jªºªi°Ê; ³Ì»·ªº»Èªe¦³³Ì¤p
ªºªi°Ê. °²¦p§Ú­Ì¦b»Èªeªí­±¹º¤W®æ¤l, §Ú­Ì´N¥i¥H§â³o¨Çªi°Ê¼Æ¶q¤Æ, ­pºâ
¥¦¸ò¥­§¡«G«×ªº§¡¤è®Ú°¾®t[¤T]. ¦b¨ä¥¦ªº°Ñ¼Æ³£¬Û¦Pªºª¬ªp¤U, ³o­Ó§¡¤è®Ú
°¾®t¸ò¶ZÂ÷¦¨¤Ï¤ñ. ¦]¦¹, §Ú­Ì¥i¥H¾a´ú¶qªi°Êªº§¡¤è®Ú°¾®t¨Ó¨M©w¶ZÂ÷. ­n
ª`·Nªº¬O, ³o­Ó¤èªkªºÀ³¥Î¥²»Ý®Õ¥¿¾ò¶ê»Èªeªºªi°Ê±j«×, ¦Ó«D¨ä¥ú«×. ³o­Ó
¤èªk¤]¥i¥HÀ³¥Î¨ì±ÛÁu»Èªeªº¤¤¥¡¥Y½L¤W, ¨º¦a¤è¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³±K¶°ªº¥ú¶³.

[¶W·s¬P] (Supernova)

  ¶W·s¬P´N¹³·s¬P¤@¼Ë, ·|¦³µu¦ÓÃzµo¦¡ªº¥ú«×¼@¼W, ¥i¬O¥¦¦³§ó°ªªº¥ú«×,
©M§óªøªº®ø°h´Á. ¶W·s¬P¦³¨âÃþ, ²Ä¤@Ãþ©M²Ä¤GÃþ. ²Ä¤GÃþ¶W·s¬P¬O¦]¬°¤j½è
¶qªºùÚ¬P¦b¿U¿N§¹¥¦ªº¿U®Æ«á, ¥Ñ©ó­«¤O§~ÁY©Ò³y¦¨ªº. ²Ä¤@Ãþ¶W·s¬P«h¥Ñ¥Õ
¸G¬PÃz¬µ©Ò³y¦¨. °²³]¥Õ¸G¬Pªºªí­±, ³Q¥¦ªº¦ñ¬P°ï¸m¹L¦h®ðÅé®É, «K·|¦]¬°
¹L¼ö¦Ó¤Þ¿U¥¦ªººÒ®Ö, ¦Ó³y¦¨¤W­zÃz¬µ. ³o¨âºØ¶W·s¬P³£¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó°µ¶ZÂ÷«ü¥Ü
¾¹. ²Ä¤@Ãþ¶W·s¬P¤×¨ä¾A¦X·í¼Ð·Ç¥ú·½, ¦]¬°¥¦Ãz¬µ®Éªº³Ì¤j¥ú«×¥i¥H¨ì¹F
5 X 10^9 ­Ó¤Ó¶§.

[³Ì«Gªº»Èªe] (Brightest Galaxies)

  ¦b¬P¹Î¤¤©Ò¯à§ä¨ìªº³Ì«G»Èªe, ³q±`¬O E Ãþªº, ¥ú«×«í©wªº¥¨«¬¾ò¶ê»Èªe.
¨Ò¦p, ¦b³B¤k®y¬P¹Îªº³Ì«G»Èªe, ¦Z¾v¬P¹Î[¥|]©M¥b¤H°¨®y¬P¹Î[¤­], ¥ú«×¤j
¬ù¬O 9 X10^10 ­Ó¤Ó¶§. ³o­Ó¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó·í§@¥ô¦ó»·¤è³Ì«G»Èªeªºªí·Ç¥ú«×.

  ·í§Ú­Ì¥Î¼Ð·Ç¥ú·½¨Ó«Ø¥ß¦t©z¶ZÂ÷¶¥±è®É, ¨C¤@¨B³£¥õ¿à«e¤@¨B. ¥ô¦ó´ú¶q
¶ZÂ÷¤èªkªº»~®t, ³£·|¼vÅT¨ì¨ä¥¦§ó»·¶ZÂ÷ªº´ú¶q. ¨Ò¦p, ¥Î³y¤÷ÅܬPªº¶g´Á
¥ú«×Ãö«Y¨Ó´ú¶q¶ZÂ÷, «á¨Ó«Kµo²{¦³¿ù»~. ­«·s®Õ¥¿«áªº¼Æ¾ÚÅã¥Ü, ¤§«e¥Î¨º
­Ó¤èªk©Ò´úªº¶ZÂ÷³£­n¦A­¼¥H¤G. ¤]´N¬O»¡, ©Ò¦³¶W»Èªeªº¶ZÂ÷[¤»], ¤]­n­¼
¤W³o­Ó­¿¼Æ.

  ¥Ñ³oºØ¤èªk²Ö¿n¦Ó¦¨ªº»~®t, ¨ì¤F´ú¶Z¶¥±èªº³Ì¤W¼h®É, ¤£½T©w©Ê¤j¬ù¬O
25 %. ¤Ñ¤å¾Ç®a§Æ±æ«¢§B±æ»·Ã誺Æ[´úµ²ªG, ¥i¥HÀ°§Ú­Ì§â»~®t­°¨ì 10 % ©Î
§ó¤Ö.

--------------------------------------

µù¤@:

[¤@]³t«×´²§G -- velocity dispersion
[¤G]ªì©l¤À¿ë²v -- incipient resolution
[¤T]§¡¤è®Ú°¾®t -- rms (root mean square) deviation
[¥|]¦Z¾v¬P¹Î -- Coma cluster
[¤­]¥b¤H°¨®y¬P¹Î -- Centaurus cluster
[¤»]¶W»Èªeªº¶ZÂ÷ -- extragalactic distance

µù¤G:

¤Ó¶§ªº°Ñ¼Æªí:

½è¶q:          1.99 x 10^33 g
¥b®|:          6.96 x 10^10 cm
ªí­±­«¤O±j«×:  2.74 x 10^4  cm/s^2
¥ú«×:          3.9  x 10^33 erg/s

--
¡° µo«H¯¸: §å½ð½ð¹ê·~§{(ptt.cc) 
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