Date: Mon, 2 Aug 1993 23:07:04 -0700 (PDT) Subject: News: July22-28 (130 KB) Copyright (c) 1993 The British Broadcasting Corporation; Summary of World Broadcasts/The Monitoring Report July 28, 1993, Wednesday SECTION: Part 4 The Middle East, Africa and Latin America; 4(D). LATIN AMERICA AND OTHER COUNTRIES PAGE: ME/1752/III HEADLINE: Peru: car bomb explodes outside US embassy in Lima; one person dead, one injured One person was killed and another injured after a car bomb exploded in front of the US embassy in Lima on 27th July, Radioprogramas del Peru (Lima) reported. The dead man was thought to be one of the perpetrators of the attack, Television Panamericana (Lima) reported. Copyright 1993 Cable News Network, Inc. All rights reserved CNN NEWS July 28, 1993 Transcript # 336 - 3 TYPE: Package SECTION: Business HEADLINE: South American Bonds Offer High Yields, Different Risks GUESTS: JOHN PURCELL, Analyst, Salomon Brothers BYLINE: JAN HOPKINS; STUART VARNEY HIGHLIGHT: With yields on U.S. bonds at modern record lows, many bond investors are looking elsewhere for better yields. South America offers much higher interest rates, but various kinds of risk come with them. DEBORAH MARCHINI, Anchor: Yields on U.S. Treasury securities are near record lows, and even junk bonds don't generate the kinds of returns they used to. STUART VARNEY, Anchor: However, if you're willing to accept a bit of risk to get a higher yield, check out Latin America. Jan Hopkins has the story in today's edition of Your Money. JAN HOPKINS, Business News Correspondent: Yields on U.S. bonds are very low, but it's a different story in Latin America. JOHN PURCELL, Analyst, Salomon Brothers: It's night and day. Brazilian bonds are currently trading at around 700 to 800 basis points; that is, 7 to 8 percentage points higher yield than the equivalent Treasury bond. HOPKINS: Argentine and Venezuelan bonds offer 4 to 6 percentage points more than in the U.S. The down side? Risk. Mr. PURCELL: You have to understand that they are not investment- grade; therefore, they are of speculative grade and they should not be seen as a big part of a small portfolio. The odds on default have gotten better. The principal on many Latin American bonds are now guaranteed by U.S. treasuries. Interest payments, however, are still backed only by the issuing countries. Individual investors can buy some Latin American bonds, but different countries offer different risks. Political and economic instability in Peru, for example, make it more speculative. And while Mexico's bonds are safer than many countries', investors have discovered them and yields are no longer as spectacular. If you want a professional to choose for you, there are two closed- end funds that specialize in Latin American debt - Scudder's Latin American Dollar Income Fund up 22.75 percent year-to-date, and Alliance Capital's World Dollar Government Fund up nearly 39 percent so far this year. There are also individual country funds for many Latin American countries, buying both stocks and bonds. That's Your Money, Jan Hopkins, CNN Business News, New York. The preceding text has been professionally transcribed. However, although the text has been checked against an audio track, in order to meet rigid distribution and transmission deadlines, it has not yet been proofread against videotape. Copyright 1993 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse July 27, 1993 SECTION: News HEADLINE: Guerrillas attack police station, one passerby killed DATELINE: LIMA LIMA, July 27 (AFP) - Leftist guerrillas attacked a police station here late Monday with automatic weapons and explosives, leaving one passerby dead and three police officers seriously wounded, authorities said. The police station was heavily damaged in the attack, carried out by some 10 members of the pro-Cuban Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), police said. In the intense firefight between guerrillas and police, a passerby was killed by gunfire and three police officers were seriously wounded, the police station chief among them, the sources added. Earlier Monday, the mayor of Villa El Salvador - a town outside Lima - was wounded and his bodyguard was killed in an attack by suspected Shining Path guerrillas, police added And a car bomb exploded outside the Campagnat secondary school in Lima's posh Miraflores district causing no injuries. The bombing was also attributed to the Maoist Shining Path organization, police said. All these attacks have occurred two days ahead of the Peru's Independence Day holiday, on Wednesday, and as President Alberto Fujimori celebrates his third anniversary in office this week. Fujimori, who in April 1992 launched an army-backed power grab to rid the country of corruption and guerrilla violence, has vowed to disband the MRTA and wipe out the Shining Path rebels by the end of the year. The president's first goal appears within reach as the MRTA has been strained by infighting and defections as well as by the government's crackdown. But the situation with the Shining Path is less certain, though the rebel group's attacks on the capital have diminished markedly since last year when their raids caused constant panic in Lima. Fifty former MRTA members who surrendered to military authorities over the past few months under a government policy of leniency toward repentant guerrillas, will take part in a military parade later Tuesday, a military spokesman said. By marching before Fujimori, the reformed rebels "will demonstrate their patriotism," the spokesman added. The parade, normally held on July 29, was moved up because of Bolivian President Jaime Paz Zamora's official visit Thursday. Copyright 1993 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse July 27, 1993 SECTION: Domestic News HEADLINE: Car bomb explodes outside U.S. embassy in Lima DATELINE: LIMA LIMA, July 27 (AFP) - Suspected Maoist rebels detonated a van loaded with explosives outside the U.S. embassy early Tuesday, destroying an army troop carrier guarding it and wounding two police officers, police said. A civilian was found killed in an automobile 300 meters (yards) from the site of the 5:45 a.m. (1045 GMT) bombing, police said. They said the unidentified male was believed to be a guerrilla shot while trying to escape. The bombing seriously damaged the facade and several offices of the embassy, which is located on Avenida Garcilaso de la Vega in central Lima. Coming only hours before a military parade celebrating Peru's independence day, the attack marked a bold come-back for the Shining Path rebel group, which had been relatively quiet in recent months. Witnesses said that, besides the van used to carry the bomb, at least two other vehicles took part in a carefully executed operation that involved a ruse to maneuver through the security barriers protecting the embassy. A van with a revolving flashing light similar to those used by police vehicles went first, opening the way through the security barriers, followed by the van loaded with four kilograms (8.8 pounds) of dynamite and 150 kilograms 330 pounds) of amonium nitrate. When a police guard ordered the vehicles to halt, assailants inside the first van opened fire and the van loaded with explosives was sent rolling at the troop carrier, according to the witness accounts. The explosion turned the troop carrier into a mangled mass of metal, seared the embassy building and blew out nearby windows. According to initial reports, assailants inside the dynamite- laden van managed to leap free in time to escape in a third vehicle. Fire trucks sped to the scene and doused traces of fire on the embassy's three story facade. The embassy has been the target of at least six rebel attacks in the past decade. more The rebels managed to strike one of the city's most heavily guarded buildings despite exceptionally tight security ahead of the independence day celebrations. The Shining Path and another rebel group, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), have stepped up attacks since Monday. During the night, smaller bombs were exploded near a police station in Ventanilla, north of Lima and outside a bank in eastern Lima. Monday, MRTA rebels opened fire on a police station in the San Borja residential district and then exploded a bomb that killed a passerby and wounded a dozen police officers. Earlier Monday morning, rebels seriously wounded the deputy mayor of Villa El Salvador in southern Lima, Cesar Soplin, and killed his bodyguard. A car -bomb also was detonated outside a private school in the Miraflores residential district. President Alberto Fujimori, who marks his third year in office Wednesday, had written off the Shining Path as a dying movement with the arrest last year of its leader Abimael Guzman. Copyright (c) 1993 The British Broadcasting Corporation; Summary of World Broadcasts/The Monitoring Report July 27, 1993, Tuesday SECTION: Part 4 The Middle East, Africa and Latin America; 4(D). LATIN AMERICA AND OTHER COUNTRIES PAGE: ME/1751/III HEADLINE: Peru: police force reduction announced Interior Minister Juan Briones Davila announced that the number of police officers would be reduced as part of a police reorganisation plan, Television Global (Lima) reported on 24th July. In a recorded statement, Briones said that the plan was to improve quality by upgrading pay and training. The reduction in numbers would also allow for the provision of better equipment. Copyright 1993 The Christian Science Publishing Society The Christian Science Monitor July 27, 1993, Tuesday SECTION: THE WORLD; INTERNATIONAL; Pg. 6 HEADLINE: Peru's New Constitution Seems Sure To Satisfy the President's Desires BYLINE: Sally Bowen, Special to The Christian Science Monitor DATELINE: LIMA, PERU HIGHLIGHT: Fujimori pushes his reelection and the death penalty for terrorists ALBERTO FUJIMORI had wanted to celebrate big on Wednesday - Peru's Independence Day, his birthday, and the third anniversary of his taking office - by promulgating a new Constitution, one that would allow him to break tradition and serve another term as president. It will not happen tomorrow. But it seems his wish, though belated, will indeed come true. Despite a race against the clock involving lengthy plenary sessions in Congress throughout July, it has proved impossible to debate the entire draft Constitution in three short weeks. The revision process is not now expected to be completed before the middle of August - and after that it is still due for popular approval through a novel referendum mechanism before coming into force. But Mr. Fujimori's most pressing wish seems likely to be granted. The new Constitution will allow him to stand for immediate reelection as president, breaking a longstanding Peruvian, and indeed Latin American, tradition which prevents presidents standing again for office without an intervening period. Peru's minority opposition fought the reelection clause tooth and nail in the commission that prepared the draft. But both the parliamentary majority and the country at large, opinion polls say, favor changing the rules for Fujimori. He still commands unwavering support from two-thirds of Peru's population. "He's done more for this country in three years than anyone else in three decades," says government-party congresswoman Martha Chavez. "For the sake of stability, he should be allowed to finish the job of reforming Peru, " Ms. Chavez adds. This could mean that Fujimori would govern Peru until the year 2005. Pro-government constitutionalists argue that if and when Fujimori is elected president in 1995, it will be under a new Constitution and therefore count as a first term. Reelection would then be possible in the year 2000 for another five years. The regime's opponents, however, are claiming that Fujimori has cleverly hoodwinked the international community. It is now clear, they say, that the hidden agenda of April 1992's Army-backed "institutional coup" - when Congress was dissolved and the Constitution suspended - was to rewrite a Constitution ensuring Fujimori's remaining in power for at least 15 years. Apart from the reelection issue, the only other constitutional element to have sparked genuine popular debate is the introduction of the death penalty for convicted terrorists. In the past 10 months, since the capture of Abimael Guzman Reynoso and other leading guerrilla chiefs, political violence has markedly declined, and Fujimori can repeat with growing conviction his pledge "to totally destroy" both Mr. Guzms Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) and the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) before his current term of office ends in 1995. "In that scheme, the death penalty is extremely important," he says. "It will act as an effective deterrent and help ensure that there is no resurgence either of Shining Path or any other guerrilla activity in the future." The president's view is echoed by many Peruvians, disgusted by 13 years of atrocities that have left 26,000 dead and cost the country some $ 22 billion in material damage. But the death penalty clause is likely to bring Peru into a head-on collision once again with international human rights organizations. Their objection is not so much to the death penalty itself - many countries worldwide reserve capital punishment as an ultimate sanction - but to the shaky justice system through which sentences are meted out. Currently those accused of terrorism in Peru are tried by unidentifiable, faceless judges in secret military courts. An Amnesty International report published in May claims that up to 4,200 Peruvians have been tried, or are awaiting trial, on terrorism-related offenses "under procedures which fail to satisfy international human rights standards." In the future, those found guilty under such dubious trial procedures could be summarily executed, Amnesty says. ALSO arousing concern among Peruvian constitutionalists, opposition politicians, and foreign diplomats in Lima are the enhanced powers granted by the draft Constitution to the executive at the expense of the legislature. "The Peruvian president has always enjoyed extensive personal power with few checks and balances," comments one Western diplomat in Lima, "but this Constitution increases that power substantially. What Peru needs is to strengthen its institutions, not the person of the president." But Peruvians at large remain content with the aggressively authoritarian figure of Fujimori. "This country needs a strong hand," says taxi driver Pepe Garcia. "We've been ruled by too many weak and corrupt politicians for too long - let the "Chino" [the popular nickname for Fujimori] go on, forever, as far as I'm concerned." For constitutional expert Marcial Rubio, the governing party's agenda is clear. "This Constitution is being created by a majority for one specific person who is currently occupying the presidency. It will last only as long as Fujimori remains in power and, a short while after he leaves, it will be drastically changed - but then, that's nothing new in Peru." GRAPHIC: PHOTO: PRESIDENT FUJIMORI: He could rule until 2005, with constitutional reforms allowing his reelection. HECTOR MATA/AFP. Map, PERU. SHIRLEY HORN Copyright 1993 The Financial Times Limited; Financial Times July 27, 1993, Tuesday SECTION: International Company News; Pg. 25 HEADLINE: Latin American TV sheds parochial image - Television networks in the region have been converging BYLINE: By DAMIAN FRASER WHEN Mr Ricardo Salinas Pliego, the new owner of Mexico's television networks Seven and 13 was asked how he would compete with Televisa, the country's large media company, he quickly turned to the subject of help from foreign partners, such as NBC, Telemundo, Fox, TV Globo of Brazil and Radio Caracas Television of Venezuela. A decade ago, Mr Salinas's reply might have seemed odd. Latin American television companies were parochial affairs, best known for their soap operas and lengthy coverage of presidential speeches. They bought plenty of programmes from each other, but each country's market remained distinct. However, television in the region has converged. The spur has been new technology which enables programmers to broadcast cheaply throughout the region, and the growing marketing clout of Televisa and TV Globo. It is possible to travel from Chicago to Buenos Aires and watch the same Spanish-language news; Brazilian, Mexican, or Venezuelan soap opera; or Cuban-American talk shows. However, the inter-change of programming is far from complete since programmes being beamed across borders still face both political and cultural problems. During the recent troubles in Guatemala, Televisa's Echo news programme, the main source of news, was briefly blocked by the government and its offices fired on by machine guns. Frank discussions of teenage sex and other sensitive issues by the Cuban-American talk show host Cristina, while perfectly normal in Miami, have caused some outrage in Mexico. Televisa, which has about 90 per cent market share in Mexico, is the main force behind the regionalisation of programming. It has bought stakes in leading television stations in Peru, Chile, and the US (through Univision) and half of PanAmSat, the satellite company in the Americas. In addition, it has production agreements in Argentina and Venezuela, and has formed a joint venture with TCI of the US, the world's largest cable operator, to promote cable and satellite television in the region. The alliances enable Televisa to earn about twice as much from selling its programmes as it makes from offering them in an open market, and keep potential competitors from selling programmes in its home market in Mexico. Thus, soon after Televisa bought its stake in Univision, the US network pulled a successful soap opera from Televisa's rival station in Guadalajara, Mexico's second-largest city. Televisa's stakes throughout the region are putting pressure on rivals to form their own alliances. Hence, Mr Ricardo Salinas's overtures to practically every Hispanic competitor of Televisa. The logic is that unless Channels Seven and 13 have access to the same variety of programming enjoyed by Televisa, they are unlikely to be able to compete effect-ively. Mr Salinas said that initially his two networks would have to buy in a lot of their programmes. He is unlikely to limit his buying to any single source, but rather seek links with several companies. Mr Joaquin Blaya, head of Telemundo, the US Spanish language network, is particularly keen to be one of those partners, in part to help his company compete against Univision, which he used to run before Televisa took its 25 per cent stake. The spread of cable and satellite television in Latin America has encouraged still more programme-swapping in the region. Although only about 3m Latin American homes are connected to cable or satellite, these are the richest consumers, most likely to buy new cars and consumer durables. As the cost of the technology falls, the market is expanding rapidly. Programmers who once would have ignored any one market as too small, can reach several with one transmission. With the Hispanic market in the US rising, companies such as Time Warner and CNN of the US have started to produce their own Spanish-language programmes. There are more than 20m Hispanics in the US, and in 10 years they are expected to be the US's largest minority. Recently, four US film studios and Multivision, Televisa's wireless cable rival in Mexico, launched a Latin American Spanish- language film channel, CineCanal while Miami-based International Television has created a cable channel specifically for Hispanic women. NBC and CNN are providing their Spanish-language news; and MTV is about to launch a pan-American Spanish-language version of its music and video programme. Copyright 1993 Reuters, Limited The Reuter Library Report July 27, 1993, Tuesday, BC cycle HEADLINE: ONE KILLED IN PERUVIAN REBEL BOMBING AT U.S. EMBASSY BYLINE: By Mary Powers DATELINE: LIMA, July 27 Suspected Maoist guerrillas exploded a powerful bomb in a van in front of the U.S. embassy on Tuesday, killing a passing taxi driver, wounding four other people and heavily damaging the complex, police said. Suspected Shining Path guerrillas detonated the van bomb packed with an undetermined amount of explosives a few metres from the embassy located on a main thoroughfare of central Lima, police said. ''It appears to have been the Shining Path,'' an official at the police anti-explosives unit told Reuters. A U.S. embassy official said that while the embassy had no confirmation it fit the pattern of Shining Path attacks. The blast killed a taxi driver passing by in a car three blocks away, left an armoured car in front of the embassy a twisted mass of metal and wounded two embassy guards, police and witnesses said. At least two other Peruvian police or soldiers were injured in the explosion, which caused damage to the right side of the four- storey building, they said. Officials in Washington said there was a lot of broken glass and that a number of small fires had ignited within the embassy but they had been extinguished. No Americans had been injured in the attack, the officials said. The bomb was the worst in a wave of attacks carried out by Peru's two guerrillas groups in the run-up to Wednesday's Independence Day celebrations and took place just hours before an event billed as ''The Parade of Pacification.'' On Monday night, pro-Cuban guerrillas attacked a police post in the San Borja district with gunfire and later exploded a 50-kg (100-lb) bomb, killing a civilian and wounding at least four policemen, police and witnesses said. Guerrillas of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) left flyers claiming the attack on the station. Officers stationed at the police post had intervened in the June 1992 capture of MRTA chief Victor Polay. A small car bomb also exploded in front of a school on Monday, damaging the building, and Shining Path guerrillas shot and wounded the deputy mayor of Villa El Salvador, a shantytown on Lima's southern outskirts. The Shining Path and MRTA insurgencies have suffered serious setbacks since the capture of Polay and Shining Path chief Abimael Guzman and other guerrilla leaders over the last year. Thousands of rebels have been captured and hundreds of MRTA rebels have surrendered, some of whom were due to march in the civilian- military parade. More than 27,000 people have been killed in political violence since the Shining Path took up arms in 1980. Copyright 1993 Reuters, Limited The Reuter Library Report July 27, 1993, Tuesday, BC cycle HEADLINE: PERU GUERRILLAS EXPLODE BOMB AT U.S. EMBASSY DATELINE: LIMA, July 27 Leftist guerrillas exploded a bomb in a van in front of the U.S. embassy in Lima on Tuesday, killing a civilian, wounding at least four people and causing extensive damage to the complex, police said. U.S. officials in Washington confirmed details of the blast and said no Americans had been injured. Guerrillas detonated the van bomb packed with an undetermined amount of explosives about 30 yards (metres) from the embassy located on a main thoroughfare of central Lima, they said. The bomb, which exploded at about 5:30 a.m. local time (1030 GMT), killed a civilian passing by in a car, heavily damaged an armoured vehicle guarding the embassy and wounded a soldier, police added. The officials in Washington said that the injured embassy guard was Peruvian. They added that there was a lot of broken glass and that a number of small fires ignited within the embassy, but they had all been extinguished. At least three other police or soldiers were wounded in the explosion, which caused damage to the first three floors of the building and broke windows in surrounding buildings, including the Attorney General's office, police said. An exchange of gunfire about a block away followed the attack and one guerrilla was captured, police said. It was not clear which of Peru's guerrilla groups carried out the attack, police said. Earlier reports that a small bomb had exploded at the Spanish embasy proved false. Copyright 1993 The New York Times Company The New York Times July 27, 1993, Tuesday, Late Edition - Final SECTION: Section C; Page 13; Column 1; Cultural Desk HEADLINE: Spain Launches Invasion Of Latin America, to Push For Cultural Preservation BYLINE: By JAMES BROOKE, Special to The New York Times DATELINE: JESUS, Paraguay Against a landscape of rolling fields and grazing cows, church columns of pink stone rise unfinished. Work stopped in 1768 when a decree arrived here from King Carlos III of Spain, ordering the expulsion of all Jesuit missionaries from this distant corner of empire. Now, a new fence protects the ruins from art thieves. Sturdy beams shore up sagging walls. Near a new guard cottage, a billboard heralds the mission's new benefactor: Spain. After two centuries, Spain is returning to Latin America as a regional force for historic preservation. $12 Million a Year The reasons for the return have more to do with imperial memory than with imperial conquest. As modern Spain has developed economically, it has become a member of the European Community and acquired a foreign aid program. "Our motivation for this is to return cultural identity, to retrieve what would be lost," Inocencio Arias, the Secretary of State for International Cooperation and Latin America, asserted recently in Madrid. Starting small in 1984, Spain's historic restoration aid to Latin America has gradually grown to become a $12 million-a-year program. Working in 17 Latin American nations, Spanish aid has restored about 60 major structures, from forts to theaters to cathedrals. To nurture local interest in historic preservation, Spain has started a school in each of the 17 countries, to teach local apprentices skills needed for restoring colonial-era buildings. "This is a very powerful force for raising people's awareness about the value of historical houses," said Carlos Colombino, director in Asuncion of Manzana de la Rivera Cultural Center. Facing the presidential palace in Paraguay's capital, this block of 19th-century and colonial-era houses was to be razed for a park. With Spain paying about 60 percent of the $1 million budget, the city was able to buy the houses, refurbish them and turn the complex into a cultural center, complete with library, museum and theater. "This project is only possible because of the Spanish money," Mr. Colombino said. "It is forcing government people to take a second look at the value of old buildings." Indeed, with three-quarters of Latin America's population now living in cities, Spain is seeking a wide impact for its limited resources. Up and down Latin America, projects vary, from restoring 19th- century buildings in the historic center of Ponce, P.R., to restoring a 17th-century Spanish customs building in Portobelo, Panama, to restoring Inca forts in northern Chile and Mayan pyramids in Tikal, Guatemala. Despite a token project in Portuguese-speaking Brazil -- the restoration of the art nouveau downtown of Joao Pessoa -- all the projects are in Spanish-speaking America. About 80 percent of the projects involve restoring buildings from the Spanish colonial period, an era that ended for most of the region by 1825. Church as Cultural Heritage Reflecting the ancient nature of Spanish colonization in Latin America, several projects involve restoring churches built in the 16th century, decades before English settlements began in North America. About half of the projects involve restoring Roman Catholic buildings: cathedrals, churches, monasteries, convents and episcopal palaces. "Unlike the United States, we have no limitations regarding state money that is used for the restoration of religious buildings and monuments," Mr. Arias said. "We consider these buildings as much a part of a country's cultural heritage as ancient ruins and colonial mansions. Why should we discriminate?" Here in Jesus, the thick walls and massive columns of the unfinished church were to "compete with the finest churches of America," said one mid-18th century chronicler. While Italians designed most Jesuit missions in South America, three Spanish architects designed the one in Jesus. They drew heavily on Spain's mudejar style, a fusion of Moorish and Christian motifs. The Spanish project, budgeted at $480,000, is to start with archeological escavation, cleaning and a study of structural damage caused by two centuries of abandonment. In addition to repairing a Jesuit mission virtually covered by forest in Argentina, Spanish restorations of religious buildings include a 16th-century Franciscan church in Popayan, Colombia, damaged by a 1983 earthquake, and an 18th-century Franciscan church in Havana that has suffered from hurricanes, the explosion of a boat in Havana harbor and religious restrictions by the Communist government. Work restoring secular buildings is often aimed at planting seeds for neighborhood renewal and economic growth. All projects require that the host country contribute to restorations, usually about 40 percent of total costs. No 'Museum Pieces' "These projects, when finished, are not going to be museum pieces," said Oscar Centurion, who served as Paraguay's director of cultural properties until May. "They are going to raise the standard of living and provide development." In Venezuela, Spain is providing financial and technical aid to refurbish parks and balconied buildings of the historic center of Ciudad Bolivar. This interior city is a major departure point for tourists for Angel Falls, the world's highest waterfall. In Quito, Ecuador, another city with a strong tourism trade, the Spanish aid is helping to refurbish the historic downtown. In Cartagena, a Caribbean city that is Colombia's largest tourist destination, Spanish aid is restoring the Naval Museum, a colonial and neo-classical melange dating back to 1604. In Lima, Peru, Spanish aid is restoring a rococo-style, 18th-century country house that is now engulfed by one of Latin America's largest cities. Backed by the new money and the old prestige of Spain, Latin America's preservationists hope local politicians and business leaders will see the need to preserve and restore old buildings. 'Historic Patrimony' Creating a corps of Latin American technicians, the 17 national workshops expect to train 1,200 artisans by 1995: blacksmiths, carpenters, masons, roofers and painters. "We want to promote among Paraguayans -- and other Latin Americans -- the idea that historic patrimony is important," said Raimundo Espiau, an architect who coordinates Spanish aid in Paraguay. Moving beyond the colonial era, Spain hopes to restore Asuncion's mid-19th-century train station and its late 19th- century city theater. In a visit steeped in symbolism, King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia of Spain stopped at the ruins of Trinidad near here in October 1990. Once one of the grandest of the 30 Jesuit missions, this baroque masterpiece fell to pieces after the expulsion order signed by the current monarch's predecessor, King Carlos III. Copyright 1993 Reuters, Limited July 27, 1993, Tuesday, BC cycle HEADLINE: GUERRILLAS EXPLODE 330-POUND BOMB OUTSIDE U.S. EMBASSY BYLINE: By Mary Powers DATELINE: LIMA, Peru Suspected Maoist guerrillas set off a powerful car bomb outside the U.S. embassy Tuesday and later downed electrical pylons, plunging the city into darkness on the eve of Peru's Independence Day, police said. The embassy was extensively damaged by the car bomb and a passing taxi driver was killed in a shootout that erupted between police and the guerrillas. Four other people were injured. On Tuesday night, most of the city was blacked out after guerrillas downed four pylons, police said. Power began to return within half an hour, however. Four bomb or shooting attacks were reported on bank branches, an electricity company and a police station in northern parts of the city, police said. Police said suspected Shining Path guerrillas packed a van with 330 pounds of explosives and detonated it a few feet from the embassy, on a main thoroughfare in downtown Lima. An embassy guard and a police officer were injured. The bomb caused heavy damage to the right side of the four- story building, breaking windows and setting a number of small fire. An armored car parked in front of the embassy was left a twisted mess of metal. "It appears to have been the Shining Path," an official of the police anti-explosives squad said. A U.S. embassy official said the bombing fit the pattern of Shining Path attacks. The blast was followed by a shootout between guerrillas and police and a taxi driver was caught in the crossfire and killed. Two police officers were wounded and a guerrilla was detained, police said. Acting U.S. Ambassador Charles Brayshaw condemned the attack, saying, "This is an attempt to instill us, Americans and the Peruvian people, with fear. They cannot intimidate us. We will continue our work." The bomb was the worst in a series of attacks mounted by Peru's two guerrillas groups before Wednesday's Independence Day celebrations. On Monday night, pro-Cuban guerrillas opened fire on a police post and later exploded a 110-pound bomb, killing a civilian and wounding at least four policemen. Guerrillas of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) left flyers claiming responsibility for the attack on the station, whose police officers had aided in the June 1992 capture of MRTA chief Victor Polay. Shining Path guerrillas shot and wounded the deputy mayor of the Villa El Salvador shantytown, the third deputy mayor of the shantytown to be killed or wounded since February 1992. Shining Path and MRTA have suffered serious setbacks since the capture of Polay, Shining Path chief Abimael Guzman and other guerrilla leaders over the last year. Thousands of rebels have been captured and hundreds of MRTA rebels have surrendered, some of whom were due to march in the civilian-military parade. More than 27,000 people have been killed in political violence since Shining Path took up arms in 1980. Copyright 1993 Reuters, Limited July 27, 1993, Tuesday, BC cycle HEADLINE: FUJIMORI REAPING POLITICAL HARVEST THREE YEARS INTO TERM BYLINE: By Mary Powers DATELINE: LIMA, Peru President Alberto Fujimori's political fortunes are running high three years into his term, thanks to the capture of guerrilla chief Abimael Guzman and brighter prospects for economic growth, polls and analysts say. Fujimori, the son of Japanese immigrants who swept to power in 1990 on a wave of voter disgust with traditional politics, begins his fourth year in office Wednesday with an approval rating ranging from 61 to 67 percent, polls by the Apoyo and Imasen firms show. Apoyo said 64 percent of Peruvians surveyed this month cited the capture of guerrilla leaders as the most positive aspect of Fujimori's third year in power. "The people see that the fight against terrorism has improved the overall situation in the country and even if all problems have not been solved, they think Fujimori is doing the best he can," said Apoyo's Alfredo Torres. A year ago Wednesday, Lima looked like an armed camp as a tense Fujimori gave his state of the union message in the midst of a week-long wave of car bomb attacks by Shining Path guerrillas. More than 50 died and hundreds were injured. The guerrilla offensive forced Fujimori to stay away from an Ibero-American summit in Madrid, underscoring his isolation after a decision four months earlier to seize near-dictatorial powers to strengthen his hand against the rebels. This year, Shining Path guerrilla chief Guzman is behind bars, perhaps the single most important event responsible for the optimism which has permeated Peruvian diplomatic and business circles in recent months. "Fujimori is the accidental beneficiary ... of the capture of Guzman," David Scott Palmer, editor of "The Shining Path of Peru," said, adding it had resulted from years of police intelligence work that enabled the arrest of much of the group's leadership. Besides Guzman, hundreds of guerrillas have been paraded across Peruvians' television screens in striped suits like the one worn by Guzman when he was shown to the press behind bars last September. While experts warn it is too soon to declare the Shining Path's defeat, investors buoyed by Peru's accords with multilateral agencies and attractive investment laws, are moving in to seize opportunities in nearly every sector. In recent months, Chileans, Italians, French and American investors have acquired a majority stake in private Peruvian companies or have obtained stakes in private pension fund administrators which started up last month. Chinese and Mexican firms have bought the largest state enterprises privatized so far and competition looks keen for the sale of telecommunications, shipping, fishing and mining companies later this year. But despite a 3.5 percent rise in Gross National Product in the first five months of the year, average Peruvians who have put up with three years of austerity are waiting to see the positive effects of Fujimori's economic reforms. The Apoyo poll said that negative aspects of Fujimori's government most often mentioned were the economic recession and inflation, which reached 23.2 percent in the first six months of 1993. Imasen showed that 80 percent of those polled said economic policy should be changed, completely or in part. Still, 42 percent of those in Imasen's survey said they expect the economy to improve in the next six months. Barring a disastrous development, Fujimori has cleared the path for his reelection in 1995, with a clause allowing immediate reelection almost certain to be included in Peru's constitutional draft, Torres and other observers said. Fujimori has shown hismelf to be a master of keeping his political enemies on the defensive, with his latest attacks focused on mayors protesting constitutional proposals they say reduce the autonomy of Peru's municipalities. Peru's new congress, which is writing the new constitution, can only muster 42 percent approval rating and the opposition as a whole is censured by 49 percent of the population, according to Apoyo. Copyright 1993 Reuters, Limited July 27, 1993, Tuesday, BC cycle HEADLINE: BOMB EXPLODES IN FRONT OF U.S. EMBASSY IN LIMA DATELINE: LIMA, Peru Peruvian leftist guerrillas exploded a van parked in front of the U.S. embassy in Lima Tuesday, killing a civilian, wounding at least four people and causing heavy material damage to the complex, police said. Copyright 1993 Reuters, Limited July 27, 1993, Tuesday, BC cycle SECTION: Money Report. Market Moving. HEADLINE: SHINING PATH SUSPECTED IN US EMBASSY BLAST IN PERU DATELINE: LIMA, PERU, JULY 27 Shining Path guerrillas are believed to have detonated a powerful van bomb that exploded in front of the U.S. Embassy here earlier Tuesday, police said. The blast killed a passing taxi driver, wounded four other people and heavily damaged the complex. "It appears to have been the Shining Path," a police official said. Officials in Washington said there was a lot of broken glass and that a number of small fires had ignited within the embassy but they had been extinguished. No Americans had been injured in the attack, they said. Proprietary to the United Press International 1993 July 27, 1993, Tuesday, BC cycle SECTION: International HEADLINE: Bus bomb explodes outside U.S. Embassy in Lima DATELINE: LIMA A small bus loaded with explosives blew up outside the U.S. Embassy in Lima Tuesday, two blocks from the central police station, causing heavy damage and several injuries, authorities said. One of the attackers, believed to be members of the Shining Path guerrilla group, was shot and killed by embassy guards in a shootout with what police said were at least eight terrorists, a police spokesman said. The blast blew off both arms of guards Juan Herrera and wounded an unspecified number of other people. The bomb went off just before dawn about two blocks from the largest police station in the capital, which serves as the headquarters for the government's special anti-terrorist squad. The squad was responsible for the arrest last September of Shining Path leader Abimael Guzman, who is serving a life sentence in prison. In the past six years, the U.S. Embassy in Lima -- which has no ambassador in residence -- has been attacked three times with rockets and automatic weapons. The bus used in Tuesday's attack was filled with about 200 kilograms (440 lbs) of dynamite and a highly explosive ammonium nitrate and petroleum mixture. The explosion, which also damaged an armored police truck, came as security was tightened because of two car-bomb attacks Monday that killed a civilian and wounded four policemen. One bomb that exploded at a police station in the Lima residential district of San Borja killed an unidentified bystander and wounded four police officers. Radio Programas del Peru said the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement took responsibility for the explosion. The second blast occurred in the early morning at a shopping area in the Miraflores neighborhood of the Peruvian capital, authorities said. Shining Path has vowed to step up violence in preparation for the forthcoming independence day celebrations in Peru. The Xinhua General Overseas News Service Xinhua General News Service JULY 27, 1993, TUESDAY HEADLINE: van bomb blasts at u.s. embassy in lima DATELINE: lima, july 27; ITEM NO: 0727066 a powerful van bomb exploded in front of the u.s. embassy here today, killing a passing taxi driver, injuring four but wounding no americans, local sources said. two embassy guards and two peruvian policemen were injured in the blast, which heavily damaged the right side of the four-storey building, police said. the shining path guerrillas were suspected to detonate the bomb, police said. the bomb was the worst in a wave of attacks carried out by peru's two guerrillas groups in the run-up to wednesday's independence day celebrations. on monday, three attacks took place in the capital, killing two and wounding at least five others. Copyright 1993 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse July 26, 1993 SECTION: News HEADLINE: Fujimori celebrates third year in office DATELINE: LIMA LIMA, July 26 (AFP) - President Alberto Fujimori celebrates his third anniversary in office this week, riding high on his war against rebels but still far from conquering Peru's pervasive poverty. By the end of the year, Fujimori has vowed to disband the pro- Cuban Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) and by 1995 to wipe out the Maoist-inspired Shining Path rebels, who have been waging a guerrilla war since 1980. The president's first goal appears within reach as the MRTA has been strained by infighting and defections as well as by the government's crackdown. But the situation with the Shining Path is less certain, though the rebel group's attacks on the capital have diminished markedly since last year when their offensives had Lima in constant panic. The arrests of Shining Path leader Abimael Guzman and several members of the group's high command late last year appeared to have broken the rebels' grip on the city, but residents are still wondering if this might be just a brief respite while the guerrilla's regroup. Human rights advocates are also skeptical about Fujimori's war against terrorism, which has resulted in arbitrary arrests, summary trials and abductions. The recent discovery near Lima of common graves containing the burnt remains of several people also has fuelled fear here. Local media have suggested the bodies are those of nine students and a professor who disappeared a year ago during a military raid at La Cantuta university outside Lima, long seen in the armed forces as a hotbed of pro-rebel sentiment. The drop in the number of guerrilla attacks has won Fujimori, 55, majority popular support. That has helped him push forward his crusade against the country's traditional political powerbrokers, launched with his April 1992 army-backed power grab, in which he closed congress and suspended the constitution. Fujimori also began reorganizing the court system, toughening penalties for convicted terrorists, implementing free market reforms and overseeing a constitutent assembly's rewriting of the constitution to his liking. The new charter is likely to include the death penalty for convicted rebels and the possibility of immediate reelection of presidents -- including Fujimori. The president had hoped to be able to announce a draft was ready on Wednesday, when he marks the third anniversary of his election, but debates in the assembly are dragging out the process and new code is not expected until August. Despite grumblings about Fujimori's support for the death penalty and his interest in seeking immediate reelection -- which was barred under the old constitution, he is basking in a 60 percent approval rating. The new charter most likely will win public approval in a September referendum. Fujimori has attacked a third front, the economy, by fighting corruption, lifting government controls, privatizing a wide range of companies and backing off on subsidies. In three years, Fujimori has managed to get runaway inflation down to between two and four percent per month, to get the country back in the good graces of international financial institutions, maintain a 3.5 percent growth rate and attract some foreign investment. But those successes have come at a considerable social cost and Fujimori has had little success in battling what could be his most dangerous enemies, overwhelming poverty and social discontent. Despite massive programs to build schools, hospitals and roads some seven million Peruvians -- one-third of the population -- still live in abject poverty. Copyright 1993 Inter Press Service Inter Press Service July 26, 1993, Monday HEADLINE: PERU: MACHU PICCHU RUINS IN DANGER DATELINE: LIMA, July 26 The world renowned Incan ruins of Machu Picchu are in danger of disappearing due to a geological fissure in the mountain peaks where they lie. An impressive stone city located near Cuzco in southern Peru, Machu Picchu stands at 3,100 meters in the heart of the Andes Mountains. The city was apparently abandoned by its inhabitants at some point during the Spanish colonization but only discovered in 1912. It is currently Peru's number one tourist attraction. Rupert Benavente, a geologist at Cuzco's civil defense office has called on the central government to undertake immediate measures to halt the spread of the fissure, which threatens one of the world's most important archeological sites. According to Benavente, some $18 million will be needed to build a concrete wall around the endangered area. However, Benavente's opinion was refuted by the director of Cuzco's cultural institute, Americao Carrillo, who admitted the existence of the threatening fissure, but said such natural phenomena were difficult to control. Carrillo said he would seek the help of experts from various international organizations, to evaluate the risks and potential preventive measures. Copyright 1993 Inter Press Service Inter Press Service July 26, 1993, Monday HEADLINE: PERU: SHINING PATH BLAMED FOR CAR-BOMB EXPLOSION OUTSIDE SCHOOL DATELINE: LIMA, July 26 The counter-terrorism unit of the Peruvian police and the mayor of Lima's central district of Miraflores, Alberto Andrade, have blamed the Maoist Shining Path rebels for the car-bomb that exploded outside the Champanac Catholic School at dawn yesterday. A vehicle packed with 30 kilos of explosives was abandoned by unidentified men in a parking area outside the school, located in the well-heeled residential district of Miraflores in the capital. Although no deaths or injuries were reported, the explosion caused major damage to the school building and shattered the doors and windows of neighboring shops and businesses. Mayor Andrade predicted that this latest attack "will probably be one of the last by the Shining Path, since the rebels are being defeated politically and militarily." Andrade recalled that a little over a year ago, on July 16, 1992, Shining Path exploded a powerful car-bomb only six blocks away from the Chapana School, which destroyed two apartment buildings killing 24 people and injuring nearly 200. "Most of the survivors of this attack have returned to their homes, which have been completely rebuilt, as a way of showing that the civilian population will not yield to terrorists," said Mayor Andrade. According to sources from the anti-terrorism police unit, the bomb attack was probably Shining Path's angry response to its failed attempts to intimidate workers into staging a strike on July 23 in Lima. "Shining Path wants to show that it can still cause damage. But its command structures and communications between its groups have been disrupted since the capture of Abimael Guzamn in September of last year, and the subsequent arrest of members of the central and metropolitan committees of his organization," the source explained. Guzman, the Shining Path's founder and top leader, was capturedby police last September in a Lima suburb, along with other guerrilla commanders. He was subsequently tried by a military court which sentenced him to life imprisonment, and is currently held in a maximum security cell at a naval base. The 12-year armed conflict between the Shining Path and successive Peruvian governments has claimed more than 23,000 lives and caused an estimated $25 billion in economic losses. Copyright 1993 Reuters, Limited July 26, 1993, Monday, BC cycle HEADLINE: VENEZUELA'S PEREZ DENIES ANY CONNECTION TO LETTER BOMBS DATELINE: LIMA, Peru Former Venezuelan president Carlos Andres Perez Sunday night denied any connection to letter bombs sent to members of Venezuela's Supreme Court, saying he rejected methods aimed at a "collective intimidation". Five bombs were sent last week, injuring one court worker who lost a hand as he opened a letter addressed to the court's justices. Perez was interviewed on America telvision's "La Revista Dominical". The court has been under the spotlight since May when Perez was suspended to face charges of embezzlement and misuse of public funds in the controversial case of $ 17 million in a classified government account. Perez denied the action of the court may have motivated him or members of his party to send the letter bombs. "Accion Democratica (party) has never used terrorist methods," Perez said. "Terrorism is a system of collective intimidation that attacks the whole society. Mentioning two coup attempts against his government by rebel military officers, he said the bombs may be linked to a "subversive movement" aimed at creating "suspicion and uncertainty" in the population. But Perez, who said he dedicated his 50-year political career to the defense of democracy, warned against the temptation of a trend in the region toward "military coups with the military in power." Perez said that in the coming days a document would be published in which the New York-based Republican National Bank will deny reports that Perez had an account there. Perez said he would accept the ruling of the Supreme Court "no matter what it is" but was confident he would be found innocent. Copyright 1993 South China Morning Post Ltd. South China Morning Post July 26, 1993 SECTION: News; Pg. 3 HEADLINE: Nations ready to offer passports for sale in HK AT least two more nations are believed to be considering whether to sell passports under "investment migration schemes" to Hongkong residents, while the Marshall Islands has announced it will do so. The Hongkong consulates of Benin, a tiny west African country, and Peru have indicated that their governments are considering proposals for "investment" schemes whereby passports are issued for a price. Asked whether Benin, whose neighbour Sierra Leone sells passports and citizenship for US$ 28,000 (HK$ 217,000), sold passports through its Hongkong consulate, vice-consul Narender Vachani said: "Not at the moment. "At present we are not issuing any passports. That might change because the country is keen no doubt to promote certain investments but I have to get written permission from them before I can make any comment." Peruvian honorary consul Humberto Wu said Peru was about to launch a new scheme to sell passports in Hongkong but he could not give details. Peru had previously sold passports through the firm Blooming Strong in Hongkong for about US$ 35,000 (HK$ 271,000) without a requirement for the "investor" to visit the country. "It was an official scheme but it didn't work out too well so the Government of Peru decided to do away with it," Mr Wu said. "I think (under the new proposal) there are going to be other requirements attached so you actually do have to spend some time in the country." The Peruvian consul-general, Gabriel Alejandro Pacheco Crespo, refused to comment. At least two consulates, representing Sierra Leone and the Pacific archipelago of Tonga, sell passports to Hongkong residents under so-called investment schemes. The Dominican Republic consulate denies selling passports to investors but diplomatic sources and at least one immigration consultant say that it does. The Marshall Islands, which recently approved the sale of passports, has decided to open a Hongkong consulate to "advance business opportunities", including the sale of passports and citizenship. The consulate is to open on October 1. Proprietary to the United Press International 1993 July 26, 1993, Monday, BC cycle SECTION: International HEADLINE: Panama probing possible arms link to former Yugoslavia DATELINE: PANAMA CITY, Panama Panamanian officials Monday said they were investigating a possible illegal arms purchase in Spain by a Panamanian official and hinted at a link with warring countries in the former Yugoslavia. Officials did not say where arms from an alleged illegal purchase were headed, but Vice Foreign Minister Jose Raul Mulino, asked if they were headed to the warring countries that make up the former Yugoslavia, said ''there is something to that'' without elaboration. Foreign Minister Julio Linares said in an press conference that his office began investigating a possible arms deal involving Panama's vice consulate in Barcelona, Spain, after receiving information in late March. Linares did not reveal specifics of the investigation, but said the Barcelona official, Victoria Uribe de Clubt, had been contacted and that the investigation was almost complete. Mulino said an international organization that he did not identify was linked to the investigation and that there had been arrests in the matter. The government announcements came in the wake of a report Monday in a Panama City newspaper on the alleged arms deal. The daily newspaper La Estrella, citing unnamed Panamanian government and intelligence sources, said Uribe de Clubt approved without proper authoriziation the importation of arms to Panama in the name of the Panamanian government. The arms, purchased from the firm Bellot of Gibralter, a British colony at the southern tip of Spain, included 5,000 9mm pistols, 2 million rounds of 9mm ammunition, 25,000 sub-machine guns and 5 million rounds of sub-machine gun ammunition, La Estrella said. The sources cited in the article said the Panamanian government did not approve nor have prior knowledge of the arms transaction. La Estrella did not list the ultimate destination of the arms. But the newspaper said Panama has been used in the past 10 years as a transfer point for arms headed to guerrillas in Guatemala, Peru and other countries in Central and South America. The unnamed sources cited by the newspaper said there was ''collaboration, complicity and concealment'' in connection with the purchase. They said the matter was being investigated to determine the weapons' true purchasers, the source of income for the purchase and the destination of the weapons. Mulino said officials did not reveal information on the matter earlier because they did not want to hinder the investigation in the case. Uribe de Clubt originally dissuaded Foreign Ministry officials from looking into the matter out of fear that an investigation by the office would hinder an investigation she said her office was conducting, Linares said. Copyright 1993 American Banker-Bond Buyer a division of Thomson Publishing Corporation LDC Debt Report/Latin American Markets July 26, 1993 SECTION: MARKETS ; Vol. 6; No. 29; Pg. 3 HEADLINE: Market Soft and Nervous The LDC debt market was nervous and soft last week, with several large issues coming off slightly and others stabilizing. Nigeria was the unexpected star of the week, however, with its par bonds soaring some three points over the week to top 48 cents. Brazil caused many of the jitters, with uncertainty over the governments plans for a potentially inflationary wage indexation plan, and President Itamar Francos apparent re entry into the fray on the details of economic policy design. Francos talk of bringing back a social pact to fight inflation created fears, traders said. Francos proposals touch on interest rates, fiscal reform and a new public tariff policy. Brazil IDUs ran up in the beginning of the week, then came off on profittaking and were soft Thursday afternoon, traders reported. IDUs came off about a point over the week, and were down to 74 1/2 bid/ 74 3/4 offer Thursday. Argentine issues rallied sharply early in the week, then softened with the price of the U.S. long bond. Pars were quoted in the 55 5/8 to 55 7/8 range Thursday, off slightly from their very high highs of the previous week. Venezuelan issues rallied on the decision of Congress to finally give the acting president enabling powers to enact fiscal reform. Both pars and DCBs were trading at 70 1/2 bid / 70 3/4 offer on Thursday afternoon. That was a rise of nearly a point over the week for DCBs, and about status quo for the pars. Mexican issues were sort of waffling, as a trader at a major European bank described them. Some investors were predictably hanging back in wait for greater clarity over the fate of the North American Free Trade Agreement (see story page 5). Pars were quoted at 73 3/8 bid/ 73 5/8 offer Thursday, down about a quarter point over the week. Discounts were quoted at 82 3/8 bid/ 82 5/8 offered, also relatively stable over the week. Faith that Nigeria would end up with some form of democratic government, plus reportedly widespread shorting, were said to be responsible for Nigerias spectacular rise. Nigeria is up some six points from two weeks ago, when it was trading in the 42 range. Among smaller issues, Peru Citi debt held on to its new gains and was quoted in the 36 cent range, stable over the week but up more than three points from the previous two weeks. And despite all the pandemonium in the cabinet in Ecuador, MYRA held stable at 32 1/4 bid /33 offer, with investors evidently not quite ready to despair over the possibility of a Brady deal. Poland rose on prospects of Brady debt deal progress, then deflated on the news that the country had rejected the banks latest offer,. Poland DDRA was quoted in the 34 1/4 bid / 34 1/2 offer range Thursday, just slightly below its week ago price of 34 1/2 bid / 34 5/8 offered. Copyright 1993 Reuters Limited The Reuter European Business Report July 26, 1993, Monday, BC cycle HEADLINE: LME MARKETS END QUIETLY MIXED, WITH COPPER HIGHER DATELINE: LONDON, July 26 LME trading remained largely subdued on Monday afternoon following little significant movement or activity all day in the markets, which ended mixed. Dealers said copper prices traded in a narrow range. Early buying lifted the market from $ 1,920 before the rise encountered some resistance near $ 1,930. Final business was at $ 1,923, still up $ 6 from Friday. Factors such as possible strikes in Peru and drawn-out labour talks at Kennecott are seen as peripheral, with September tightness the driving force at present. But there was little activity on Monday on this front, they added. Aluminium met some support around the $ 1,215 level in the afternoon and rallied to a constructive chart close of $ 1,223, although this was still down $ 9 from Friday. Dealers said news that workers at Alcan's Kitimat smelter are to vote on a new contract deal later this week, and that work is carrying on, suggests that a stoppage is unlikely. Zinc held in a dull range, unable to move above $ 940, and drifted back to close at $ 936, down $ 4. However, the lead market was steady, albeit quiet, with final business at $ 404.50, up $ 0.50. Tin slipped back this afternoon, as the early rise was seen as unsustainable, and the market ended at $ 4,920, down $ 25. Last week's 20-year low of $ 4,900 is seen coming under threat again. Nickel traded routinely, unable to make much progress towards $ 4,900 on the upside, and finished at $ 4,885, down $ 15. Aluminium alloy was completely neglected, and ended $ 10 lower at $ 1,065/1,070. Copyright 1993 Reuters, Limited The Reuter Library Report July 26, 1993, Monday, BC cycle HEADLINE: FOREIGN MINISTER RESIGNS OVER CHILE DISPUTE DATELINE: LA PAZ, July 26 Bolivia's foreign minister Ronald Maclean resigned on Monday, saying he could not go along with President Jaime Paz Zamora's criticism of neighbouring Chile. Paz Zamora hands over the presidency to his elected successor and political opponent, Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada, in 11 days. Maclean told a news conference he was ''rationally and emotionally'' opposed to Paz Zamora's remarks last week that Chile was ''backward'' and ''lazy'' in its policy towards Bolivia. Diplomatic relations between the two states have been suspended since 1978 because of a renewed dispute about Bolivia's loss of land, including its access to the sea, after Chile's 1879 victory in a war with Peru and Bolivia. But Paz Zamora's government began mending ties, drawing up trade deals with Chile despite the lack of formal links. Maclean, once a political opponent of Paz Zamora, was made foreign minister in March 1992 and is a strong backer of closer ties with Chile. ''The main thing is that the president...has changed the foreign policy we have been working on with Chile,'' Maclean told the news conference. ''I am rationally and emotionally unable to agree with him...and so I am resigning.'' Maclean said his country's traditional ''belligerent, contentious and aggressive (policy) with Chile'' had failed for over a century and a more cooperative approach was needed to solve the basic problem of Bolivia's access to the sea. Paz Zamora's remarks shocked Chile, coming days after what diplomats called friendly talks between Chilean President Aylwin and Paz Zamora at an Ibero-American summit in Brazil. In protest at the remarks, Chile withdrew officials from La Paz where they were negotiating cooperation pacts. Paz Zamora's centre-right coalition was defeated in June elections after allegations of corruption and inefficiency in the government. Copyright 1993 Reuters, Limited The Reuter Library Report July 26, 1993, Monday, BC cycle HEADLINE: SECURITY STEPPED UP IN PERUVIAN CAPITAL DATELINE: LIMA, July 26 Security forces stepped up patrols around Lima in the run-up to Peru's Independence Day after guerrillas exploded a small car bomb near a school and wounded a shantytown's deputy mayor, police said on Monday. Troops and police fanned out around the capital hours after suspected Maoist guerrillas detonated 30 kg (18 lb) of explosives packed in a car in front of a school in Miraflores district, causing damage but no injuries, they said. The Independence Day is celebrated on Wednesday. In the sprawling shantytown of Villa El Salvador on the outskirts of Lima, guerrillas shot deputy mayor Cesar Augusto Soplin, wounding him with three times. A bodyguard was also injured and both were taken to hospital. He is the third deputy mayor of Villa El Salvador killed or wounded by the guerrillas. Peru's Joint Chiefs of Staff said in a statement later that an army patrol captured three guerrillas who carried out the attack. In a related development, authorities announced a military parade scheduled for Thursday would be moved up to Tuesday. It was not clear if the change was related to the attacks. The 13-year-old Shining Path insurgency has suffered serious setbacks since the capture of guerrilla chief Abimael Guzman and other leaders last year. Thousands of rebels have been captured and tried in military court since then. More than 27,000 people have been killed in political violence since the Shining Path took up arms in 1980. Copyright 1993 Reuters, Limited July 26, 1993, Monday, BC cycle HEADLINE: PRO-CUBAN GUERRILLAS ATTACK PERU POLICE POST; ONE DEAD DATELINE: LIMA, Peru Pro-Cuban guerrillas attacked a police post in Lima with gunfire Monday, killing a civilian and wounding three policemen on the eve of a military parade to mark Independence Day, police and witnesses said. Eight guerrillas of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) aboard a truck attacked the police post in the San Borja district with gunfire and left a package with 30 pounds of explosives in the door of the station, they said. One civilian died, apparently in the crossfire, and three policemen were wounded by guerrilla gunfire, two of them seriously, police said. The MRTA guerrillas left flyers claiming the attack. Independence Day is celebrated Wednesday. Earlier, security forces stepped up patrols after suspected Maoist Shining Path guerrillas detonated 18 pounds of explosives packed into a car at a school in the Miraflores district, causing damage but no injuries, police said. In the sprawling shantytown of Villa El Salvador south of the capital, Shining Path guerrillas shot deputy mayor Cesar Augusto Soplin, wounding him and a bodyguard. Troops later detained three in the attack. Soplin is the third deputy mayor of Villa El Salvador killed or wounded by the guerrillas since February of 1992. In a related development, authorities announced a military parade scheduled for Thursday would be moved up to Tuesday. It was not clear if the change was precipitated by the attacks. The Shining Path and MRTA insurgencies have suffered serious setbacks since the capture of the leaders of both groups. Thousands of rebels have been captured or have surrendered. More than 27,000 people have been killed in political violence since the Shining Path took up arms in 1980. Copyright 1993 Reuters, Limited July 26, 1993, Monday, BC cycle SECTION: Money Report. Bonds Capital Market. Financial Report. Domestic Money. HEADLINE: PERU CALLS FOR DEBT TALKS WITH BANKS IN MID-AUGUST BYLINE: By Henry Tricks DATELINE: NEW YORK, JULY 26 Peru has sent a letter to some of its commercial creditor banks requesting a meeting in mid-August to start talks on treatment of its foreign debt. "They indicated that they might want to visit in mid-August," said a banking source. "No response was requested." Apart from what the source called "a phone call here or there," this would be the first major meeting between the Citicorp-led bank steering committee and the government of President Alberto Fujimori. About $10 billion of Peruvian principal and interest arrears is on the table, bankers say. Peru was isolated from international financial circles when populist former President Alan Garcia capped debt service payments in 1986. "What we plan to cover is restructuring the debt and restarting interest payments," said a banker on the steering committee. However, he said there are a few creditors who have lawsuits against Peru for non-payment of loans which may prove tough to resolve. "Any creditor lawsuit can be disruptive to a negotiating process," he said. Most banks were supposed to have shelved their lawsuits against Peru by April 15, 1993, as part of a mechanism worked out between Peru and the banks last November to get round the problem. Under that agreement, the banks said they would drop legal proceedings over non-payment of debt if Peru agreed to refrain from asserting the statute of limitations for six years. One banker said the pending lawsuits may goad Peru to restart interest payments soon in order to convince the courts that it is committed to a swift settlement of the debt problem. "These kind of suits encourage a country to try and come to terms (with the banks). They want to avoid lawsuits that are politically damaging," he said. Investors in Latin America have shown themselves optimistic this year that Peru will settle its private sector debt problem, following agreements with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in early 1993. The price of Peruvian loans in the secondary market hit a record 37 percent of face value Thursday, a whopping increase over the sub-20 percent levels at the start of the year. Bankers say the spur for the rally has been the Fujimori government's political and economic reforms, and the fact that the vast stack of interest arrears attached to Peruvian debt is extra gravy on a settlement of the principal. According to bankers, one of the most recent breakdowns of Peruvian loans to private creditors is $4 billion in long-term debt, $1.2 billion in short-term debt and $4.6 billion in arrears. Copyright 1993 Reuters, Limited July 26, 1993, Monday, BC cycle SECTION: Financial Report. HEADLINE: PERU STOCKS ROSE 3.58 PCT LAST WEEK DATELINE: LIMA, JULY 26 Shares on the Lima stock exchange (BVL) were up 3.58 pct in the last week, boosted by rises in public service and industrial shares, stock market figures showed. The stock index closed on Friday at 696.66, up 24.7 points or 3.58 pct over the previous week, when shares rose 1.49 pct. The selective blue chip index, which registers 15 of the most actively-traded shares, rose 3.49 pct in the last week. Daily volume in the last week averaged $4,710,357, down slightly from last week's average. Sharpest gains were seen in third-tier shares. Shares of Ampollas Farmaceuticas drug firm rose 55 pct, Record battery company were up 40.9 pct, Textil El Progreso textiles gained 33.3 pct, Plastica Fort plastics rose 32.4 pct. Biggest losses were seen in Arturo FIeld y Estrella S.A. cookie firm (16.9 pct) and Lima Caucho tires (13.9 pct). By sector, the "miscellaneous" category showed the biggest gains with 12.72 pct, followed by insurance stocks (8.7 pct), public utility stocks (4.03 pct) and industrials (3.84 pct). Since June 21, Lima's stock market index has risen 112.37 points, or 21.3 pct, BVL figures showed. Brokers and stock market officials said the rise is due to increased foreign investment since the start-up of the private pension fund system on June 21. Copyright 1993 The Times Mirror Company Los Angeles Times July 25, 1993, Sunday, Orange County Edition SECTION: View; Part E; Page 1; Column 2; View Desk HEADLINE: A SPECIAL FAMILY REUNION; PARENTS CELEBRATE THE PERUVIAN KIDS AND CULTURE THEY'VE ADOPTED BYLINE: By NANCY WRIDE, TIMES STAFF WRITER DATELINE: HUNTINGTON BEACH Her little fingers stained from wolfing down Cheetos, brown- black pigtails whipping in the ocean breeze, Jennifer Gellert has spent the whole day at Bolsa Chica State Beach with 70 or 80 other Peruvian children. Forget bonding, though. What she really wants is to dump a cup of punch in the gray sand and watch it turn into a purple blob. Her pale Canadian mother, slathered in sun block, keeps a watchful eye on her 3 1/2-year-old, trying to ward off a big mess. Like Kool-Aid in the sand, the knowledge is just beginning to seep in for Jennifer that she belongs to a larger group, that there are others like her: darkly exotic kids with mostly white moms and dads. "You don't just adopt the child, you have to adopt the culture, which is why we're here," said Mary-Carol Gellert, 45. "Just like anywhere else, you can't force friendships on kids. But you can see the connection she makes with the other kids, and it's really important for her." And that is the overriding purpose of this annual national reunion of parents of Peruvian adoptees, this year held over three days in Orange County. The loosely knit group of 750 families is growing, with participants from all over the United States and Canada. Drawn together by the shared experience of raising children from the impoverished Third World country, the families meet each summer at different locations for a weekend of Peruvian culture, emotional support and friendship. Several things usually happen, parents say: They swap stories -- sometimes nightmares -- of their adoption odysseys to Lima; they share insights about the special needs and problems of their foreign-born children, and they offer their successes at diffusing the stigmas common to adoptees of any nationality -- as well as those exclusive to mixed-race families. Oh yes, and they have a blast. This year's reunion, organized by two Southern California mothers, included a banquet at a Garden Grove Peruvian restaurant, a Disneyland trip and a huge buffet spread across the bluffs of Huntington Beach, where 300 parents and children spent a gorgeous summer day making friends. "There is a bond between us," Gellert said simply, "that nobody else can understand." The first reunion was four years ago among 17 Iowa families that had either met during their weeks-long adoption process in Peru or met later through word of mouth. Last year about 65 families with adopted Peruvian children met in Kansas City, Mo. Gathered this year at a hotel near Disneyland, 70 families of about 300 people spent three days together last weekend. Joan Ruch of Alta Loma and Jan McFarlane of South Pasadena put together this year's festivities. Ruch and her husband, Ethan, who own a mortgage business in their San Bernardino County community, are the parents of 3-year-old Anneli, whom they adopted in Peru when she was an infant. McFarlane, a former reporter who is now a USC librarian, is the mother of Miguel, 3, a boy she and her husband also adopted in Peru. Both women share heart-wrenching stories of their adoption experiences in the Peruvian capital of Lima, although they ended happily. For McFarlane, it was having to beg for milk to feed her son because there was nowhere to buy it in a country rocked by out-of-control inflation and traumatized by Marxist terrorists. "We discovered a country whose capital -- once renowned for its beauty and sophistication -- had now been brought to its knees by decades of economic and political mismanagement," she wrote in a gripping article for the newsletter, AdoptNet. "Indian women with babies tied in shawls on their backs prowled the main thoroughfare of the affluent Lima suburb of Miraflores and held out their hands to beg for their children. I saw a little boy sleeping in a doorway with a cup by his side and a crudely lettered sign in Spanish saying, 'I'm sick. Please help me.' " Ruch, 39, has two children by her first marriage living with her: a son, 19, and daughter, 16. Unable to give birth to more children after she and Ethan married, they decided to adopt. Ruch said that her age then -- 36 -- seemed to pose a handicap in their efforts at public adoption, and the fact that she was Christian and Ethan was Jewish caused problems with church-based adoption organizations. They heard that Peru was the fastest foreign country from which to adopt a child, so they pursued it. Because she had given birth twice, she understood what it must mean for a young mother to relinquish a baby. And that understanding helped soften the pain when the Ruch's first effort to adopt failed. Their paperwork completed with the help of an adoption agency, the couple arrived in Lima and almost immediately met their promised new infant and her birth mother, Ava Monica, 19. "When we arrived at the hotel, we were handed a 6-week-old girl, (and) the birth mother was there also," recalled Ruch, who is Portuguese-American. "The worst part is that they speak Spanish, and we speak English, and we had an attorney and an interpreter. We communicated, but it would have been nice to be able to speak. . . . We could really feel her loss, and we could really see it." The birth mother handed the newborn to the Ruch's, who named their new baby after Ethan's late sister, Analisa, who died in a fire at 8. For the next 10 days they ferried her to a nearby medical clinics and attended court proceedings. They couldn't help but fall in love with her. On their final court date, Ava Monica changed her mind. Eventually, the Ruchs were able to adopt another little girl. Anneli is a visibly happy child who loves twirling in her skirt and announcing to nobody in particular, "I'm from Peru! " As is sometimes the case with Peruvian children with mestizo (American Indian-European) roots, Ruch said, her daughter was born with a pigmentation condition that resembles bruising, and she has learned from other parents that it is hereditary. Issues of identity are common among adopted children, and even more pressing for those whose appearance -- often so obviously different from their parents -- makes it impossible to deny they are adopted. School friends can tease children about not being wanted by their birth mothers. A majority of moms and dads such as Ruch said they are not bothered by what others might think as a result of scandal stories about the alleged black-marketing of some Third World babies. And those from Southern California say they don't feel the stares or rude comments reported by some families in smaller towns whose mixed-color families draw unwanted attention. Hardly a downer weekend, though; all kinds of positive information is traded among parents, and those with older children can help younger ones avoid the littlest to biggest rough spots: what and when to tell your child about his birth mother, adoption, reckoning with playground taunts and encouraging pride in their heritage. As with several mothers interviewed, Joan Ruch bristles at the expose broadcast earlier this year on a television news show that she believes grossly miscast parents who adopt Peruvian children as white American vultures spiriting babies from powerless and poor teen mothers. She notes that the TV show videotaped the group's picnic last year filled with happy children and parents and never aired a moment of it. She also notes that black-marketing of Third World babies has surely happened, but certainly not to the extent suggested in the TV show. Everybody she knows who has adopted babies in Peru has done it legally, she said, with legitimate attorneys, and having met the birth mother to be sure she wanted to give the foreign parents her baby. "Our little birth mother was 18," said Ruch, "and she already had a 2 1/2-year-old son. She had made up her mind (her newborn daughter) was going to go to a great family. She didn't name her; she said, 'I want you to name her. She's your baby now. All I want is for you to love her, to provide for her and not to spank her.' " Many of the parents who met at the reunion stay in contact with the birth mother, writing several times a year and, in some cases, compiling yearly photographic journals of their adoptive child's progress. "We want her to know where she came from," said one father, "and we want the mother to know her child has gone to a good place, for that peace of mind." Sitting in beach chairs with their two daughters adopted from Peru, Jill and Naldo Cabanillas of Costa Mesa talked about their joy in the swimsuit-clad little girls beside them. Carrie is 4, Bryn just turned 5. "Are you from Peru? " Carrie, displaying a squinty grin, sprawled on her father's lap, asks a visitor. Then she talks about her day at Disneyland with the other children from Peru. The two notable things from the trip were this: "Mickey Mouse wasn't there," and "I liked the cars that drive, that go really fast." Naldo, 43, was born in Peru, and came to the United States in 1973, when he enrolled at Orange Coast College. While there, he worked as a tutor, which is how he met wife, Jill. She was working for a youth organization and decided to learn Spanish. They married a few years later. He is now a self-employed building planner with architectural training. After a decade of trying to conceive their own children, they decided to adopt, and eventually were led to Peru by a cousin. There they received Bryn on the day they arrived. She had cerebral palsy and was visually impaired. She now wears glasses to help correct her eyesight. Later that same trip, the couple adopted Carrie. This is their first national reunion, but last summer they attended a local gathering of parents with Peruvian adoptees, including Ruch and McFarlane. "We are really happy to find out about this organization," said Jill Cabanillas, 43, who works as a word processor. "I'm hoping as the years go by that (the girls) will develop friendships here, pen pals even." Added Naldo: "They are Americans, but they'll learn about their culture. I'm not Peruvian-American. I'm American. And that's how it will be for them too."(MORE) GRAPHIC: Photo, COLOR, Jim and Mary-Carol Gellert with Jennifer, 3 1/2. "There is a bond between us that nobody else can understand," Mary-Carol says of families of Peruvian adoptees. CHRISTINE COTTER / Los Angeles Times; Photo, COLOR, Peruvian birth mother in conversation with the Ruchs, pictured above, with Anneli Copyright 1993 The New York Times Company The New York Times July 25, 1993, Sunday, Late Edition - Final SECTION: Section 1; Page 13; Column 1; Foreign Desk HEADLINE: U.N. SEEKS A CURE FOR FISH DEPLETION BYLINE: By DAVID E. PITT, Special to The New York Times DATELINE: UNITED NATIONS, July 23 In a basement conference room a world away from the klieg- lighted talks upstairs on Bosnia, Iraq and Haiti, more than 150 diplomats here have been grappling with what most agree is a grave but less photogenic crisis: the threat to the earth's fisheries. Alarmed by evidence that cod, tuna, mackerel, pollack and scores of other valuable species are being wiped out by overfishing, the United Nations opened a three-week conference on July 12 to try to lay the groundwork for a global system to manage and re-propagate the fish that are still left. "Fish are a common property resource," Ross Reid, Canada's newly installed Minister of Fishing and Oceans, said at the conference last week. "There is a natural tendency for each fishing vessel, and each fishing country, to try to take as much as it can from the common resource. The result is as predictable as it is disastrous." The conference, one of the several follow-ups to the Earth Summit in Brazil last year, represents the first organized effort to regulate high-seas fishing since the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea was opened for signature in 1982. The talks are an attempt to build on the fisheries provisions of the agreement, which remains 3 short of the 60 countries needed to ratify it before it can enter into force. Fleets Growing Too Fast The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says its surveys show that virtually every commercial species has been "depleted," "fully exploited" or "overexploited," while the size of the world's fishing fleets, heavily subsidized by governments, has increased at twice the rate of the size of the total catch. Greenpeace International, one of more than 50 private groups taking part in the conference, says the economic absurdity of the situation is dramatized by Food and Agricultural Organization figures showing that the cost of operating the world's three million fishing vessels in 1989 was $92 billion, while the catch was worth only $72 billion. Progress at the talks has been slow. But participants say that without a rational system to regulate who may fish where, and with what equipment, fish populations will continue to plummet, sharpening competition for a dwindling resource. This will not only ravage the economies of increasing numbers of coastal fishing communities, experts say, but could also reignite open-water clashes like the so-called cod wars of the 1970's. Bernard Martin, a 39-year-old cod fisherman from Petty Harbour, Newfoundland, one of more than 30,000 Canadians idled by a Government moratorium on catches of cod, said he hoped that the conference would do something to halt the use of factory-ship equipment like drag nets. "Dragging is a technology that is the equivalent of clear- cutting or strip-mining," said Mr. Martin, who came to New York for the first time last week as a representative of a group called Fishers Organized for Revitalization of Communities and Ecosystems. The talks are focusing on two categories of fish: species like pollack in the Bering Sea and cod off Canada's eastern coast, whose meanderings cause them to straddle territorial and international waters, and fish like tuna, swordfish and billfish, whose seasonal migrations cover thousands of miles. Two Sets of Countries Central to the diplomats' task is resolving tensions between coastal fishing countries -- led by Canada, Chile, Peru, Argentina, Iceland and New Zealand -- that control the right to fish within 200 miles of their shores, and a handful of so-called distant-water countries, including China, Japan, Poland, Spain, Russia and, to a certain extent, the United States. The long-range fleets catch most of the world's fish. The coastal nations argue that huge factory ships fishing in international waters are destroying the stocks in their territorial waters. But as many nongovernmental experts say and a handful of governments have acknowledged, the crisis stems as much from coastal countries' mismanagement as from the depredations of the major fleets. Whatever the case, Canada and the other coastal countries have proposed binding rules to regulate catches in international waters. The distant-water countries have held fast to the position that any rules should be in the form of nonbinding guidelines drawn up regionally. Some officials have hinted that if negotiations fail, they will take matters into their own hands, unilaterally seizing vessels in international waters. The conference chairman, Satya N. Nandan, a Fijian diplomat who played a pivotal role in the contentious Law of the Sea negotiations, has told colleagues that he fears that such a development could imperil the agreement to the point where it might have to be renegotiated. Copyright 1993 Toronto Star Newspapers, Ltd. The Toronto Star July 25, 1993, Sunday, FINAL EDITION SECTION: INSIGHT; Pg. B1 HEADLINE: We cannot ignore slaughter of innocents BYLINE: BY TOM HARPUR There are many evils "under the sun," but the greatest evil of all is to deliberately and mercilessly harm a child. Yet, in a world where the idea of inevitable progress is held as a basic dogma of secular faith, children are being systematically beaten, terrorized, tortured, raped and murdered on a scale our ancestors could never have imagined. In Brazil, thousands of impoverished street children have been tortured, murdered or "disappeared" by death squads. At dawn on Friday, hooded gunmen drove through the streets of Rio De Janeiro and killed at least eight children. As many as 25 children may have died in the night of violence throughout the city. In Guatemala, street urchins are being beaten, tortured and killed. In the Israeli-occupied territories of Gaza and the West Bank, Palestinian children have been tortured and 232 of them under 17 have been killed by Israeli soldiers in the 5 1/2 years of the intifadah or uprising. The list goes on and on. According to the latest report of Amnesty International - some of the grimmest documentation I've ever read - children in more than 50 countries, including Peru, South Africa, China, Turkey, Iraq, Mexico, Burma and El Salvador, are being threatened, abused, tortured and killed. It's essential for media everywhere to give this story the highest possible profile. Such an outrageous travesty must not be allowed to be ignored or swallowed up in the welter of the rest of the news. More than 100 countries signed the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989-90), thus pledging to respect the rights and well-being of children everywhere. Yet it's scarcely worth the paper it's written on since thousands upon thousands of youngsters are being mistreated and slaughtered, often with the tacit approval of the authorities. Unbelievable as it may seem, the bulk of the brutality is carried out by those whose duty is to protect and serve - by various police forces and soldiers. In Brazil, for example, Amnesty International reports that more than 7 million children live in shanties, the streets and the sewers. "They are routinely targeted for severe human rights abuses, including beating, torture and execution. It is estimated at least one child is killed every day by death squads. These are often run by police officers. The situation is so bad that vigilante killing is the third largest cause of death of Brazilian children." In the West Bank and Gaza, there were 38 children killed by Israeli troops in the past six months alone, according to a report of B'Tselem, an Israeli human rights group, released on July 14. The Israeli army has responded to the statistics by saying it has orders that "forbid shooting at children" and that most were killed near scenes of confrontation or by soldiers ignorant of their presence. B'Tselem says, "With 232 children dead, the absence of deliberate intent does not detract from or mitigate the gravity of the guilt." The group says the army's own statements show soldiers' lives were not at risk in at least 32 of the 38 incidents in the past six months. Amnesty states that, according to U.N. figures for Gaza, the majority of casualties in the first year of the intifadah (1987) were under 15 years old. In India, according to Amnesty, children as young as 6 years old have been arrested and tortured in connection with petty offences. In Myanmar (formerly Burma), vigilante executions of children have been reported in the course of military operations against communities suspected of sheltering insurgents. A pattern emerges in all of the horror. Because they are utterly powerless, because they are often homeless and thus an embarrassment to governments, children are arrested, abused and killed. They are tortured and murdered because of family members who may be activists of some kind. They are shot at and killed just because they live in areas of armed conflict. But, it all remains too distant until you meet individual cases: * In the Philippines, many children have been executed by government soldiers in areas where rebels are active. In one incident, two young brothers were seized and killed by soldiers - one hacked to death with a machete, another shot dead. Both were killed in front of their father and younger brother. This boy, who is 10, was then taken away by the army and has not been seen since. * In Guatemala, Nahaman Carmona Lopez, a 13-year-old street kid, was sniffing glue with others when the police caught him. They beat him and poured glue over him. When he resisted, they threw him down, and kicked him in the head and stomach. Found later by the other children, he was taken to hospital but not examined for 32 hours. He had six broken ribs, 70 per cent of his body was bruised and he was bleeding internally. He died 10 days later. * In India, the father and brother of a 17-year-old girl, Gurnit Kaur, had been in jail for two years charged with hiding rebel Sikhs. The police arrested Gurnit and interrogated her. She says she was blindfolded, beaten, hung upside down and had her eyes burned with chili powder. She was then raped by several police officers until she fainted. At noon the next day, she was beaten and raped again. * At the Burayj Refugee Camp in the Gaza Strip, after an Israeli soldier was killed, Rami Fakhri Abdullah Muslah, a 16- year-old boy, was arrested and tortured. He says he falsely confessed to involvement in the murder because he was hooded, handcuffed, beaten all over his body, had a gun held to his head and one of the interrogators poured water over his genitals - telling him it was gas - and threatened to light it. All of that makes for miserable reading. But this evil must be confronted, exposed and stopped. Supporting Amnesty International is one way we can help. Some months ago I asked for input from you on healing. I can't reply to all the letters, but I want to thank everyone who wrote. I learned a lot. The manuscript is now at the publishers and a book on healing will appear early in 1994. * Tom Harpur is a Toronto author and broadcaster. Copyright (c) 1993 The British Broadcasting Corporation; Summary of World Broadcasts/The Monitoring Report July 24, 1993, Saturday SECTION: Part 4 The Middle East, Africa and Latin America; 4(D). LATIN AMERICA AND OTHER COUNTRIES PAGE: ME/1749/III HEADLINE: Outgoing Bolivian President surprises Chile with comments on sea access dispute (ME/1746 iii) Outgoing Bolivian President Jaime Paz Zamora was quoted by the Spanish agency EFE on 22nd July as describing Chile as an "indolent adversary", which would come "knocking on our door" to ask for a solution to the dispute between the two countries about access to the sea. According to the agency, Paz Zamora said that Chile would regret the loss of income caused by the January 1992 agreement under which Bolivian goods which had previously gone through the Chilean ports of Antofagasta and Arica would now go through the Peruvian port of Ilo. EFE quoted him as saying: "The armed forces should understand very well: if we do not turn the Bolivian maritime problem into a economic problem for Chile, we shall not be able to solve it. . . by resolving its maritime problem, Bolivia will gain northern Chile and southern Peru. " The agency said that his speech, delivered to celebrate the 66th anniversary of the creation of the National Security Council, had surprised both Bolivian military commanders and Chilean diplomatic circles. Describing the speech as "a very harsh speech in relation to Chile, Radio Cooperativa (Santiago) said: "Bolivian diplomacy seems to have a double standard . . . while it signs agreements and talks about the need for integration, it also makes an open play of the needs and prospects of the country that has a sea outlet as its fixed and central aspiration." Copyright 1993 Reuters, Limited The Reuter Library Report July 24, 1993, Saturday, BC cycle HEADLINE: SPANISH POLICE SMASH DOMINICAN IMMIGRATION RACKET DATELINE: BARCELONA, Spain, July 24 Spanish police said on Saturday they had arrested 73 people including 53 women working as prostitutes in Barcelona, smashing a racket bringing women illegally into the country from the Dominican Republic. Most of the immigrants were forced into prostitution when they arrived in Barcelona, to help pay for the false papers which got them to Europe, a police spokesman said. Police said the women were charged between 350,000-500,000 pesetas ($2,500-3,600) for the false papers. The arrests included a Spanish woman lawyer, who is alleged to have falsified work permits for the new arrivals. The investigation also identified a high-ranking Dominican Republic official who provided semi-diplomatic passports for the women. The official was not named. The majority of the women working as prostitutes came from the Dominican Republic, police said, but others were from Peru, Argentina, Paraguay, Colombia and Equatorial Guinea. Copyright 1993 The Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union TASS July 24, 1993, Saturday HEADLINE: ITAR-TASS NEWS-IN-BRIEF COLUMN (JULY) BYLINE: BY ITAR-TASS CORRESPONDENT VLADIMIR MATYASH DATELINE: WASHINGTON JULY 24 THE U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET AND THE NAVIES OF EIGHT COUNTRIES OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE ARE TO HOLD THE 34TH JOINT NAVAL EXERCISES FROM THE END OF JULY TO NOVEMBER, THE PENTAGON ANNOUNCED HERE ON FRIDAY. THE EXERCISES WILL INVOLVE NAVY SHIPS FROM ARGENTINA, BRAZIL, CHILE, COLOMBIA, PARAGUAY, PERU, URUGUAY, AND VENEZUELA. THE EXERCISES WILL ALSO INVOLVE 2,400 U. S. SERV ICEMEN REPRESENTING ALL ARMS, INCLUDING THE MARINES, AND 12,000 NAVAL OFFICERS AND MEN FROM LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES. TAKING PART IN THE EXERCISES WILL BE FOUR U. S. NAVY SHIPS, INCLUDING A DESTROYER, A CRUISER, AN AMPHIBIOUS ATTACK SHIP AND ASUBMARINE, THE U. S. DEFENCE DEPARTMENT ANNOUNCEMENT SAID. Copyright 1993 The Daily Telegraph plc The Daily Telegraph July 24, 1993, Saturday SECTION: Pg. 21 HEADLINE: Travel: TRAVEL FACTS Iquitos The capital of the department of Loreto, north-east Peru. Temperature tropical, hot and humid. Average 28OC. Getting there Specialist operators Journey Latin America's (081 747 8315), 24-day "Chupa-Flor" tour takes in Iquitos and a cruise on the Amazon; next departure October 15, cost @2,895. Other operators: Explore Worldwide (0252 319448); Kuoni (0306 742222); Steamond (071 978 5500); South American Experience (071 976 5511). Guidebooks The South American Handbook 1993 (a Travellers World Guide, Trade and Travel Publications). To order a copy send a cheque for @19.95 plus @1 postage and packing (@2 overseas) to: Telegraph Books, 1 Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London E14 5DT, or call the Telegraph Bookline on 071 537 2207 (Access/Visa/Amex 24 hours). Allow 21 days for delivery (50 overseas). The Rough Guide to Peru (Rough Guides, @7.95). Further information From the Officer for Tourism at the Peruvian Embassy (071 235 1917), 52 Sloane Street, London SW1X 9SP. Copyright 1993 News World Communications, Inc. The Washington Times July 24, 1993, Saturday, Final Edition SECTION: Part C; COMMENTARY; EDITORIAL; LETTERS; Pg. C2 HEADLINE: Ghadhafi tells us why Araby terrorists hate the West . . .. and we should heed his warnings of more terror here The Washington Times reaped a coup of sorts recently with Arnaud de Borchgrave's interview of Libyan leader Col. Moammar Gadhafi, in which Col. Gadhafi warned the United States to expect "more and more violent acts of terrorism in America." Unfortunately, the analysis of the interview by Ken Adelman on July 7 tends to blunt the impact of Col. Gadhafi's words. Mr. Adelman sees a decline in terrorism, arguing that it is "more a spent force than a spiraling one." The reverse is actually true. Mr. Adelman overlooks the possibility that the paucity of terrorist events against the United States until recently was the result of a tactical shift. While the Soviet Union during the Cold War certainly sponsored its share of terror, the Soviets spared the United States itself. Present-day patrons of international terrorism are less restrained in using the one weapon we appear unable to stop. Mr. Adelman also neglects the most insidious component of Soviet strategy to destablize the West, the narcotics campaign as outlined in Joseph D. Douglass Jr.'s book, "Red Cocaine." The basic elements of this apparatus remain in place. The evidence backing up these claims is in three parts. International terrorist networks, building on the remants of the Soviet infrastructure, are still in place and have been joined by important new components. Contrary to Mr. Adelman's assertion that these networks have disintegrated, interregional ties, particularly between the Middle West and Latin America, are appearing. For example, the Congressional Republican Task Force on Terrorism and Unconventional Warfare has revealed ties between the Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) and the Shining Path of Peru in which the ANO exchanges technical assistance for cash. The Shining Path has tentacles reaching to every major European city and cooperates there with Kurdish, Turkish and West European revolutionary movements. Colombian cartel leaders have met with Syrian intelligence officials, exchanging coca base and laboratories for weapons that found their way into the hands of Colombia's insurgency groups. Iran and Libya have extensive ties to radical groups in West Africa and the Caribbean. According to intelligence sources, these ties have intensified over the past two years, belying the belief that, with the Soviet Union gone, international terrorism will also collapse. Second, the amount of money available to these groups far outstrips the Soviet outlays for terrorism because of narcotics. The State Department's April 1993 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report states that profits generated in the United States alone place $15 billion to $17.5 billion into criminal hands. A recent report by the German government calculates that the global drug trade nets $250 billion annually. If only a small percentage of these profits were funneled to revolutionaries, it would give them the capability to grow in sophistication beyond the threadbare image of terrorist movements. Finally, while intelligence gathering and technology do provide us some security, without a political understanding of those who fight low-tech wars and adequate human oversight of counter-terrorist measures, they are little more than useless. Documents in Arabic that were found following searches of suspects' apartments after the shooting of Rabbi Meir Kahane and that would have revealed the existence of a terrorist cell in New York went untranslated until after the World Trade Center bombing. European and Middle Eastern intelligence experts detected little interest in their warnings to their American counterparts until after the bombing. As for technology, Algerian rebels and North Vietnamese communists proved quite adept in fighting low-tech wars against high-tech enemies. Moreover, the profits from narcotics give the terrorist the financial backing necessary to increase his own technological capabilities as well, perhaps matching those he seeks to destroy. The result is a well-financed, increasingly sophisticated brand of terrorism that spans geographic boundaries and is truly global in nature. It is generally believed that these terrorists serve the interests of Iran, Syria and Cuba, but the anti-American component of radical Islam, secular and radical Arab and variegated communist movements such as Cuba and North Korea serves to link them in a struggle that will likely intensify before it fades. Count de Marenches, former head of French intelligence, and David A. Andelman write in their book, "The Fourth World War," that considering the panoply of narcotic, missile, nuclear, chemical and biological weapons that can be used by terrorists today, we are on the brink of "what may perhaps be the most deadly war of any fought in recorded time." Considering these stakes, it is only prudent that Col. Gadhafi be considered the more convincing voice. J. MICHAEL ROBERTSON Ruckersville, Va. GRAPHIC: Photo, NO CAPTION The Xinhua General Overseas News Service Xinhua General News Service JULY 24, 1993, SATURDAY HEADLINE: china to explore for oil resources abroad DATELINE: beijing, july 24; ITEM NO: 0724038 the china national petroleum corporation has signed agreements with peru, canada and russia to explore for oil resources in those three countries, the 'china daily' reported today. negotiations for oil prospecting and development in other countries are also under way, the newspaper said. china, which expects its energy shortages to grow as the economy expands, last year began to seek opportunities to share petroleum reserves overseas, the newspaper noted. the corporation also revealed that it had contracted projects to repair oil refineries in kuwait and to build roads in pakistan. the value of these contracts totals 220 million u.s. dollars. meanwhile, china is also seeking foreign co-operation to development its own oil resources. according to the newspaper, the participation of foreign firms in oil and gas development is now allowed in 21 provinces and autonomous regions in china. in northwest china's xinjiang autonomous region an international bidding is under way for oil exploration and development projects in the tarim basin, where a potential oil reserve of billions of tons is expected. to date, 68 firms from 17 countries have expressed their intention to take part in bidding for oil development on 73,000 sq km land in southeastern part of the basin, according to the 'china daily'. The Xinhua General Overseas News Service Xinhua General News Service JULY 24, 1993, SATURDAY HEADLINE: peru's nazca drawings damaged DATELINE: lima, july 24; ITEM NO: 0724026 a construction company repairing 140 kilometers of the south pan-american highway broke and erased part of one of the astronomical calendar lines of the nazca culture, the local press reported today. but more seriously, the company opened a 500- meter-long trench and dumped about 60 tons of dirt onto the pampas. doctor maria reiche, restorer for more than 40 years of these mysterious and 1,000-year old lines, repeatedly warned the construction company and the education minister of the grave and irreparable damage that these repair jobs could cause. The Xinhua General Overseas News Service Xinhua General News Service JULY 23, 1993, FRIDAY HEADLINE: china to hold large exhibition in peru DATELINE: beijing, july 23; ITEM NO: 0723136 a fair of chinese historical culture and modern scientific and industrial products, which will be the largest ever held by china in south america, is to be held in lima, capital of peru, next march. the large fair and exhibition will 'greatly enhance the development of the sino-peruvian cultural and economic relations,' and will be 'a new starting point of the cultural ties of the two countries,' said the visiting peruvian educational minister alberto varillas, at a press conference held today. according to varillas, the peruvian president and government attache great importance to this activity, and an organizational committee has been formed with members from some concerned ministries of peru. the exhibition will be managed by the china foreign trade development company and the shenzhen yongming industry corporation under the guidance of china's ministry of culture and chinese association for cultural exchanges with foreign countries. at the cultural fair, people will be able to find exhibits of silk, arts and crafts as well as the 'four great inventions' of ancient china. reproductions of figurines of the qin dynasty and other famous historical relics will also be displayed there. at the same time, chinese products in textiles, electronics and handicrafts will be displayed and sold at the trade and economic exhibition. a commercial meeting and ordering fair will also be held simultaneously. according to an official of china's ministry of culture, the concerning departments of the two countries are now actively preparing for the exhibition. he said, about 200 chinese enterprises will display their products in the 8,500 s.m. exhibition hall to be offered by the peruvian side. it is learned that argentina and brazil have expressed their hopes that the exhibition would be held in their countries after it concludes in lima. Copyright 1993 Reuters Limited The Reuter Asia-Pacific Business Report July 23, 1993, Friday, BC cycle HEADLINE: SOROS FUND MANAGER SAYS PERU HAS TURNED AROUND BYLINE: By Mary Powers DATELINE: LIMA, Peru A manager of billionaire financier George Soros' investment funds says Peru has done all the right things to pave the way for major foreign investment. "Peru has come back to the world," C.G.E. Manolovici, managing director of the New York-based Soros Fund Management, told reporters late Thursday at the end of a two-day trip to Lima to explore investment opportunities in Peru's new market economy. He declined to say what areas Soros was exploring but said opportunities exist in nearly every area of the economy. "Our policy is not to say precisely in what areas we are involved," Manolovici said. "We are interested in knowing whether Peru is an attractive place to invest, whether the country works." Manolovici said Peru had dug its way of out of an "economic mess second to none" left by the government of former president Alan Garcia. Peru has returned to world debt circles, and opened its markets to competition. President Alberto Fujimori was "very competent," the investment adviser said, adding the Peruvian head of state was surrounded by "people who understand economics." But he said the single most important event in the turnaround was last September's capture of Shining Path guerrilla leader Abimael Guzman. The insurgency represented "a major destabilizing force" for Peru, he added. "Even if Peru was doing all the rights things, there was no good economics with the guerrilla situation it faced." Manolovici favourably compared Peru's economic reform programme with Mexico's. However, he said inflation had to be brought down further. Peru's state mining, telecommunications, fishing and electricity firms and two banks are all due to be sold off within the next year in what has been called the region's most aggressive privatisation programme. Manolovici, with Soros' brother Paul, met Fujimori for nearly two hours and spoke to ministers as well as political and economic figures. Soros took the international stage last September as "The Man Who Broke the Pound," after funds he managed made nearly $ 1 billion when the British pound was forced from Europe's currency grid by a wave of speculation. Soros bet heavily that sterling would not hold its allotted value and then saw it tumble by 20 percent. Manolovici said the Quantam Fund he manages invests in liquid instruments like stocks and currencies. Copyright (c) 1993 Latin American Newsletters, Ltd. Latin America Weekly Report July 22, 1993 SECTION: TRENDS; WR-93-28; Pg. 330 HEADLINE: Movement on US regional policy; QUESTION MARK OVER NEW 'GLOBAL ISSUES' APPROACH At long last, US President Bill Clintn's Latin American team is in place. On 1 July the Senate confirmed the appointment of Alexander Watson (see Page 124) as Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Afairs. With Richard Feinberg in charge of regional affairs at the National Security Council and Lawrence Summer at the Treasury, the only important toplevel vacancy still to be filled is the one at the Pentagon. The 'field' jobs are being filled somewhat more slowly. Of the six ambassadorial appointments made by the Clinton administration, only two have so far been confirmed by the Senate: Marilyn McAfee for Guatemala and James Cheek for Argentina. Still pending: Alvin Adams for Peru, John Maisto for Nicaragua, Thomas Dodd for Uruguay, Alan Flanigan for El Salvador and William Pryce for Honduras. The unofficial word from the State Department is that the Clinton policy towards the region will be one of 'great continuity' with respect to the policies pursued by his predecessor, George Bush -- with slightly more emphasis on economic and commercial affairs, on the promotion of democracy, on human rights and on the environment. Even before Watson was confirmed, in mid-June the State department sent out a circular to embassies highlighting three Latin American countries among the nine diplomatic 'success stories' of the administration: Guatemala (where 'prompt action' by the US is portrayed as having prevented Jorge Serrano's autogolpe), Haiti (at the time hailed as an example of cooperation with the OAS to seek the restoration of democracy) and Mexico (successful trade negotiations in which economic interests went hand-in-hand with political ones). However, it may be premature to start building assumptions on the virtual completion of the 'Latin American team' in Washington. Several of the key issues in regional policy are among those singled out by the Clinton administration for treatment as 'global issues'. These have been described before the Senate Foreign Operations Subcommittee as issues which 'have eluded the traditional confines of bilateral diplomacy', by Timothy Wirth, currently State Department Counselor but already chosen as Under-Secretary for Global Affairs, a post to be created by legislation currently before the US Congress. Management of these 'global issues' will, according to Wirth, require reorganisation of the State Department 'and corresponding configurations at the Department of Defense, the National Security Council, the National Economic Council, the CIA and the Agency for International Development [USAID].' The idea is to 'streamline the [State] Department, to eliminate overlapping jurisdictions, and to emphasize new cross-cutting priorities.' An old hand described this to us as 'the perfect formula for a running turf battle'. Of all the 'global issues' the one most directly concerning Latin America which Wirth dwelt upon was 'counter-narcotics policy'. He specifically expressed State's concern about the action of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations in reducing the administration's request for the programs of the Bureau of International Narcotics Matters from US$ 148m to US$ 100m.' 'Abdication of US leadership in this struggle,' he said, 'would seriously demoralise [the Andean and Mexican] governments, which now see narcotics as a common threat to their democratic institutions, social welfare and economic growth.' This seems to mark a turnaround from the Clinton administration's earlier emphasis on domestic prevention rather than international repression (see Page 212). Copyright (c) 1993 Latin American Newsletters, Ltd. Latin America Weekly Report July 22, 1993 SECTION: DEBT & LENDING ROUND-UP; Peru; WR-93-28; Pg. 331 HEADLINE: Social finance ON 6 July, economy minister Jorge Camet said the use of the US$ 910m obtained from the international 'donors' table' will be guaranteed by the Fondo de Compensacion y Desarrollo Social (Foncodes), the special agency set up to administer more than 5,000k social projects. Of the funds, he said, US$ 240m came from donor countries, US$ 170m from international organisations such as the UN, Unicef and the Corporacion Andina de Fomento, and uS$ 400m from big mulilateral lenders such as the World Bank and the IDB. Copyright (c) 1993 Latin American Newsletters, Ltd. Latin America Weekly Report July 22, 1993 SECTION: PERU; Politics & Violence; WR-93-28; Pg. 334 HEADLINE: Mass graves revive La Cantuta case; ANONYMOUS TIP-OFF SAYS BODIES ARE 'DESAPARECIDOS' The case of nine student and a lecturer who disappeared a year ago returned to haunt the government of Alberto Fujimori when four mass graves containing the charred remains of a number of bodies were discovered at Cieneguilla, outside Lima, on 8 July. Month-long analysis A skull, bones, teeth, hair, scraps of underwear and cartridge cases were unearthed and turned over to both the police and forensic medicine experts for identification. It could be a month before the results are available. Peruvian human rights organisations have urged the government to seek expert help from the Organisation of American States (OAS)'s human rights commission. The Coordinadora National de Derechos Humanos (CNDH) said that, although the remains had not been positively identified, it was 'very probable' that they were the 10 who disappeared from the student residence of the Universidad Nacional de Educacion (La Cantuta) near Lima on 18 July last year, at a time when the army was in control of the campus. Map showed location The grave was found after an anonymous tipoff, presumably from the same dissident military sources that brought the story to public attention in the first place, with a dossier sent to left- wing deputy Henry Pease in April (see Page 194). The formal denunciation to a judge was made by Ricardo Gadea, editor of the opposition magazine Si, who said he had been sent a map marking the locations of the four graves, with indications that the remains were those of professor Hugo Munoz and the nine La Cantuta students. The opening of the graves by judicial officials was a media event, carried live on television. Numerous human rights activists were also on hand, including Peter Archard of Amnesty International and Francisco Soberon, president of the CNDH. Site left unguarded But there were few signs that the authorities were taking the discovery seriously. Journalists who went back to the grave sites on the following day found they had not been sealed off and were unguarded. They claimed to have seen more human remains that had not been collected. The government had hoped that the case had been buried after the Congreso Constituyente Democratico (CCD) voted to accept a minority report on the disappearances which absolve the military of responsibility (see Page 305). But the opposition within the military itself, which backed an attempted coup last November, and which found its most dramatic expression in General Rodolfo Robles, the former army number three, now in exile in Argentina (see Page 220), appears determined to keep the issue alive. Focus on Hermoza It keeps the focus on Fujimori and his army chief, General Nicolas de Bari Hermoza, who should have retired in January but was kept on by Fujimori under new legislation which allows the President to override internal military regulations if he so wished. The CCD committee's majority report on the disappearances pinned the blame firmly on a military death squad and, by implication, on Hermoza and the eminence grise of the regime, ex- Captain Vladimiro Montesinos, effective head of the Servicio de Inteligencia Nacional. Fujimori has already said he has full confidence in Hermoza and has no intention of removing him. Inquiry may be reopened The chairman of the CCD human rights committee, Roger Caceres, who prepared the majority report, was present when three members of the public prosecutor's office opened the graves. He said the CCD might reopen its inquiry if the evidence unearthed in Cieneguilla appeared to justify it. The disappearances are still being investigated by the armed forces' judicial branch, which is under pressure to produce something more than a whitewash. The military authorities have access to the officers accused of taking part in the disappearances, which was denied to the congressional committee. An anonymous phone call to the Lima daily La Republica on 10 July claimed responsibility for the kidnapping and murder of the 10 on behalf of a so-called 'Escuadron de la Muerte del Ejercito'. Copyright (c) 1993 Latin American Newsletters, Ltd. Latin America Weekly Report July 22, 1993 SECTION: PERU; Politics & Violence; WR-93-28; Pg. 334 HEADLINE: Amnesty report keeps up pressure; SECURITY FORCES ACCUSED OF PATTERN OF RIGHTS ABUSES The discovery of the Cieneguilla graves came on the very day that Amnesty International published its annual report, which again listed Peru as one of the world's worst offenders against human rights. Sendero too. The report underlines the cruelty of the guerrilla organisations, particularly Sendero Luminoso, but most of the details given are of murders, torture of suspects and 'disappearances' blamed on the security forces. The government, which has long regarded Amnesty as part of the 'enemy', is unlikely to be impressed. This is partly because Amnesty is highly critical of the judicial arrangements put in place since Fujimori's autogolpe of 5 April 1992, which it regards as unfair. It notes that about 70 people were sentenced to life imprisonment by military courts in 1992; the figure has since risen to 143. At least 139 people 'disappeared' last year and 65 were 'extrajudicially executed', according to the Amnesty report. Among the worst offenders were soldiers at the military base in Tarapoto, San Martin department, the centre for operations against both Sendero and the Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Amaru in the Huallaga valley. They are held responsible for most of the 23 disappearances and three extrajudicial executions documented in San Martin in April- July last year. Copyright (c) 1993 Latin American Newsletters, Ltd. Latin America Weekly Report July 22, 1993 SECTION: POSTSCRIPT; Politics; Peru; WR-93-28; Pg. 336 HEADLINE: MRTA collapses On 10 July four field commanders of the Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Amaru (MRTA) surrendered with their units and arms, calling on the 'remaining minor units' and on leader Nestor Cerpa to follow suit. They predicted that the MRTA could be totally defeated within the next two or three months -- an outcome the government had expected by year-end. Copyright 1993 Reuters, Limited July 22, 1993, Thursday, BC cycle SECTION: Bonds Capital Market. HEADLINE: SOUTHERN PERU UNIONS TO CONSULT MEMBERS ON STRIKE DATELINE: LIMA, JULY 22, REUTER Union leaders of Southern Peru Copper Corp said they would ask the rank-and-file to ratify a decision to strike next Tuesday but company sources said the unions faced legal obstacles. Ruben Zevallos, leader of a federation grouping the Southern Peru unions, said Labor Ministry officials in Lima had refused to overturn a ruling passed down in the city of Arequipa denying the unions' request to bargain as a single unit. "We have to consult the membership because the decision to strike was made when it still appeared there was a solution." The four blue-collar Southern unions on Monday presented their notice to strike in protest over the company's refusal to negotiate with the unions as a single unit. A company source said that under new labor legislation, unions can bargain with management as a single unit but only with the approval of both sides. "The Labor Ministry cannot go against the law," he said. The source added that strike notices by unions at the Toquepala and Cuajone mines had not been admitted. The reason, he said, was they had not been filed in the labor ministry office, which has jurisdiction over the mines. "The only strike notice which has been accepted is the one presented by the Ilo unions," he said, referring to the site of the copper smelter. The unions had also failed to celebrate assemblies with approval of a majority of the union members voting in secret, he said, although union leaders said they had. Southern Peru, whose ouput represents two-thirds of Peru's copper, produced 244,968 fine tonnes of copper in 1992. The Xinhua General Overseas News Service Xinhua General News Service JULY 22, 1993, THURSDAY HEADLINE: latin american educators discuss children education DATELINE: havana, july 22; ITEM NO: 0722039 the second latin america conference on special education opened here wednesday to discuss children education problems. the conference is organized by the center of latin america for special education which was founded in 1990 to coordinate and promote the exchange of experience in special education on the continent and the caribbean. some 300 educators from argentina, bolivia, brazil, chile, cuba, mexico, peru and venezuela are attending the two-day conference.