_Current Cites_ Volume 7, no. 9 September 1996 The Library University of California, Berkeley Edited by Teri Andrews Rinne ISSN: 1060-2356 http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CurrentCites/1996/cc96.7.9.html Contributors: Campbell Crabtree, Terry Huwe, John Ober, Margaret Phillips, David Rez, Richard Rinehart, Teri Rinne, Roy Tennant Editor's Note: I am very pleased to announce the availability of a new service for Current Cites readers, thanks to our web master Roy Tennant. With just a couple easy steps you can now create your own "Virtual Issue" of Current Cites based upon your own search words. Your virtual issue is constructed of all the citations in the 500-entry Current Cites database that match your search and is displayed to you in one Web document. You may try it at: http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/virtualcc With the creation of this new service, it is also now possible to make a link that will automatically create a virtual Current Cites issue on a particular topic. To see how this works, go to http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/Copyright/ and click on the "Quick Bibliography" message. If you wish to do something like this yourself, go to the Virtual Issue page, enter the title and search that you wish, view the results and verify that it is what you want, and then simply copy the link information from your Web browser's "location" or "go to" box and paste it into a link tag in your Web document. Then, when someone clicks on that link the search will be done automatically at that moment for them. SWISH search software and Perl were used to create this service. If you wish to see the Perl script that accesses the SWISH database and that creates the Web pages on the fly, it can be viewed at http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CurrentCites/virtual. Questions about the service should be directed to Roy Tennant at rtennant@library.berkeley.edu. ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING Allen, Mike. "Testing Whether Internet Readers Will Pay" The New York Times (September 16, 1996): C2. -- Using the experiences of the Wall Street Journal Interactive Edition (http://www.wsj.com/) as a model, this article poses the question as to whether Internet users are willing to pay for access to Web sites and other electronic journals. Although 650,000 people registered as readers of the Wall Street Journal Interactive Edition during its trial period, only about 10 to 30 percent stated a willingness to pay for the service. Other online news sites such as those from CNN (http://www.cnn.com/), USA Today (http://www.usatoday.com/) and the Los Angeles Times (http://www.latimes.com/) remain free; charging users for access to their services seems to be a goal but users' willingness to pay is still being studied. In an interesting twist, Microsoft (http://www.microsoft.com/) found one way to finance their electronic publication Slate (http://www.slate.com/) was by selling paper versions of it for $29.95 which is $10 more than what the online version will cost when it starts charging in November. -- MP Hawkins, Donald T. "Information Metering: Paving the Way for Pay-Per-View Information" ONLINE 20(4) (July/August 1996): 36-41. -- Information metering will allow publishers and information providers to increase revenue from their intellectual property in a manner that is convenient yet affordable for users. Two companies' similar approaches to implementing an information 'pay-per-view' model are introduced. Encrypted information is provided at a minimal cost, and the user pays for selective decryption. Wave Systems, Inc. relies on an information-metering chip, while CD-MAX, Inc.'s metering capability comes with the content itself, in the form of software. -- CC Peek, Robin, editor. "Special Topic Issue: Electronic Publishing" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47(9) (1996) -- This special topic issue of JASIS covers many aspects of electronic publishing, including the redefinition of the basic concept of 'document' to include multimedia, multi-use collections of information which is demanding information professionals to become 'cyberliterate.' Other articles include a study of how scholars determine the value of digital library collections, a report of the trials and successes of the implementation of an electronic journal, and articles addressing the special concerns of electronically surveying the readership of electronic journals, and the organizational and practical design concerns of creating a guide to Internet resources. -- CC Pemberton, Jeff. "An ONLINE Interview with Jeff Crigler at IBM infoMarket" ONLINE 20(4) (July/August 1996): 28-34. -- An interview with Jeff Crigler discussing IBM's infoMarket plan for metering the use of electronic information. The infoMarket scheme creates a third-party relationship between publisher and user, facilitating (and billing for) the use of material using a non-proprietary, but IBM-developed 'cryptolope' technology. A cryptolope is a secure data container with prices and usage restrictions built in. The user will have the option to buy a digital unlock key or, for a lower price, a view-only key. -- CC Tally, Bill. "History Goes Digital" D-Lib Magazine (September 1996) (http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september96/09tally.html) -- An interesting and anecdotal description of how some teachers are using digital library resources in the classroom. Using a couple of teachers as examples, Tally describes both the challenges and opportunities that digital collections provide teachers to bring history alive. Embedded in the article are some tips for digital library developers on how to better serve the instructional needs of teachers like those in the article. -- RT Willett, Perry. "The Victorian Women Writers Project: The Library as a Creator and Publisher of Electronic Texts" The Public-Access Computer Systems Review, 7(6) (1996). (http://info.lib.uh.edu/pr/v7/n6/will7n6.html) -- A brief description of a project to digitize poetry into formats suitable for network delivery and long-term storage. The issues faced and the decisions made by the Victorian Women Writers Project may be useful to others considering similar projects. -- RT NETWORKS AND NETWORKING Berton, John Carlo, Charles R. McClure and Douglas L. Zweizig. The 1996 National Survey of Public Libraries and the Internet: Progress and Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. National Commission on Libraries and Information Science, July 1996. (http://istweb.syr.edu/Project/Faculty/McClure-NSPL96/NSPL96_T.html) -- This report updates the 1994 report on Public Libraries and the Internet cited in the July 1994 issue of Current Cites. This report asserts that since that time there has been a 113% increase in public library Internet connectivity and a 119% increase in public libraries offering public access to Internet services. On the other hand, nearly 40% of the public libraries without Internet connections have no plans to connect in the next 12 months. For more statistics as well as insights into how well or ill public libraries are integrating the Internet to their services, check out this report in either its online or print form. -- RT "Internet Resources for the 1996 Election" College & Research Libraries News 57(8) (September 1996): 481-486. -- Prepared by the ACRL Law and Political Science Section Library Instruction Committee, this month's C&RL News article on Internet sources focuses on the 1996 election. On the national front it appears that only those candidates with a "realistic chance of winning" will be allowed to participate in the televised presidential debates; this article, however, takes a much more inclusive approach and lists Internet sites for many political parties including the Communist Party USA (http://www.hartford-hwp.com/cp-usa/), the Green Party (http://www.greens.org/), the Reform Party (http://www.reformparty.org/) along with, of course, official web sites for the Democrats (http://www.democrats.org/) and the Republicans (http://www.rnc.org/). Already out of date, references to individual candidates, the primaries and the two big conventions seem anachronistic but the annotations for everything on the list are thoughtful and include important information such as the site's sponsor and a brief summary of content. Particularly useful in this article are references with detailed annotations to news and non-partisan voter education sites on the Web such as the Countdown '96 Home Page (http://www.comeback.com/countdown/), AllPolitics (http://allpolitics.com/), Vote Smart Web (http://www.vote-smart.org/) and Voter Information Services (http://world.std.com/~voteinfo/). -- MP Jerram, Peter. "Forms Follow Function" Byte 21(9) (September 1996): 153-158. -- The promised "paperless office" remains an unrealized dream of the information age. However, new software products are making it much easier to manage electronic forms, both locally and on the World Wide Web. By coupling a crafty administrator with the right e-forms software package a company might easily find itself with far fewer paper forms to deal with. This article explores three of these software products from Paperless Performance (http://www.paperless.com/), Symantec's Delrina Group (http://www.delrina.com/) and JetForm Corp. (http://www.jetform.com/), and optimistically looks at the future of e-forms and the Web. -- DR "State of the State Reports: Statewide Library Automation, Connectivity, and Resource Access Initiatives" Library Hi Tech 14(2-3) (1996): 1-348. -- This special double issue of Library Hi-Tech contains reports from representatives of 46 states outlining core library information technology and electronic library projects developed or developing in their states. The states not included are Arkansas, Hawaii, Massachusetts and South Carolina. There are two "Featured State Examples": "GALILEO: Georgia's Electronic Library" (http://www.galileo.peachnet.edu/) and "The Electronic Doorway Library Initiative" in New York. This issue also serves as a directory, with contact information for each of the contributors. The sheer size of the issue and the outline format of the reports make this issue more of a reference work than anything else. Although for many of us it is interesting to see how other states and institutions are grappling with the issues facing all of us; but be aware that these articles contain the quick summaries rather than the detailed answers. -- DR "The Total Librarian" Review of Books and Multimedia Supplement, The Economist 340 (7983) (September 14, 1996): 12. -- The Economist rates Internet search engines to evaluate whether it is possible to successfully index the Internet. The authors provide humorous critiques (on Yahoo!: "...bringing order to all human knowledge is a long-standing Sysyphean folly, but Yahoo! comes close") and also evaluate the programming strategies employed by the more successful search engines. A new strategy in development would utilize PC-based "softbots" that learn about user interests and perform more complex textual parsing. What's missing? Any mention whatsoever of the authority control, structured fields, and other enhancements one expects to find in the information professions. What's the message? Lifetime employment for librarians who can sell themselves to Internet service providers. -- TH OPTICAL DISC TECHNOLOGY Halfhill, Tom R. "CDs for the Gigabyte Era" Byte 21(10) (October 1996): 139-144. -- Digital Versatile Disc or Digital VideoDisc (DVD) has the potential to revolutionize mass storage for small systems. This new format type would take CD-ROM way beyond 650MB to as much as 17GB per CD-sized disc. This informative article explains the plethora of physical formats and the problems that such variety can cause (which has apparently pushed back the likelihood of seeing available products into 1997), but luckily this variety is limited to how the data is physically stored on the disc. There is only one logical format, called the Universal Disk Format (UDF), that all forms of DVD will support. One possible use of this technology would be to put a full-length feature movie on a disc along with a computer game or education software based on it on the same disc. Definitely a technology to watch, as many in the music and movie industry are already doing. -- RT GENERAL "Focus Interview" The Electronic Library 14(3) (June 1996): 225-229. -- In this brief but informative interview five librarians representing Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Canada and Mexico answer questions about library automation. The format is a simple question and answer mostly about topics that involve moving to automation in a library. For instance, procedures to define specs and functionality, the overall cost and staff training are all covered during the course of the interview. For anyone that might be looking at starting the process toward library automation this interview furnishes some good systems information that may save a step or two, at the very least it will provide an idea about what is involved. -- DR ------------------------------------------------------------------- Current Cites 7(9) (September 1996) ISSN: 1060-2356 Copyright (C) 1996 by the Library, University of California, Berkeley. All rights reserved. All product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Mention of a product in this publication does not necessarily imply endorsement of the product. [URL:http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CurrentCites/] To subscribe, send the message "sub cites [your name]" to listproc@library.berkeley.edu, replacing "[your name]" with your name. Copying is permitted for noncommercial use by computerized bulletin board/conference systems, individual scholars, and libraries. Libraries are authorized to add the journal to their collections at no cost. An archive site is maintained at ftp.lib.berkeley.edu in directory /pub/Current.Cites [URL:ftp://ftp.lib.berkeley.edu/pub/Current.Cites]. This message must appear on copied material. All commercial use requires permission from the editor, who may be reached in the following ways: trinne@library.berkeley.edu // (510)642-8173 -------------------------------------------------------------------- From cites@library.berkeley.edu Tue Oct 29 19:46:52 1996 Received: from library.berkeley.edu (library.Berkeley.EDU [128.32.224.55]) by locust.cic.net (8.8.2/8.7.3) with SMTP id TAA15548 for ; Tue, 29 Oct 1996 19:46:51 -0500 (EST) Received: from localhost by library.berkeley.edu; (5.65v3.2/1.1.8.2/29Oct94-1209AM) id AA28336; Tue, 29 Oct 1996 16:43:18 -0800 Date: Tue, 29 Oct 1996 16:43:18 -0800 Message-Id: Errors-To: trinne@library.berkeley.edu Reply-To: cites@library.berkeley.edu Originator: cites@library.berkeley.edu Sender: cites@library.berkeley.edu Precedence: bulk From: Teri Rinne To: Multiple recipients of list Subject: Current Cites October 1996 X-Listprocessor-Version: 6.0c -- ListProcessor by Anastasios Kotsikonas Status: RO _Current Cites_ Volume 7, no. 10 October 1996 The Library University of California, Berkeley Edited by Teri Andrews Rinne ISSN: 1060-2356 http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CurrentCites/1996/cc96.7.10.html Contributors: Campbell Crabtree, Terry Huwe, John Ober, Margaret Phillips, David Rez, Richard Rinehart, Teri Rinne, Roy Tennant ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING Chapman, Stephen and Anne R. Kenney. "Digital Conversion of Library Research Materials" D-Lib Magazine (October 1996) (http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october96/cornell/10chapman.html) -- Chapman and Kenney make a case for a "full informational capture" approach to digital conversion of library materials. They assert that only retaining all significant information from the original will suffice as delivery technologies improve. This does not always mean scanning at the highest possible resolutions, but at a resolution that is adequate to capture all significant information present in the original. Practical considerations such as the amount of staff time it would take to adequately evaluate each item to be scanned and the storage space required for high-quality images are barely mentioned. But nonetheless the article is useful to anyone trying to decide what comprises an adequate digital surrogate. -- RT Harter, Stephen P. and Hak Joon Kim. "Accessing Electronic Journals and Other E-publications: An Empirical Study" College & Research Libraries 57(5) (September 1996): 440-456. -- While much has been written about the potential of the electronic journal to revolutionize traditional scholarly communication, this article reports on an empirical study of existing e-journals and describes some of the practical problems associated with electronic publishing. Reliable access is critical if electronic journals are to succeed as a means of scholarly communication. Some of the factors that have contributed to lowered rates of access to e-journals are: directory information that is inaccurate and out-of-date; the need for special software or hardware in order to view various formats (such as DVI, MPEG and QuickTime); and electronic publishers who do not produce complete archives of back issues. These problems, along with the others cited in this study, suggest that there is a role that libraries can play in helping to solve them. For instance, just as libraries subscribe to print journals because individuals may not be able to afford to or because it would be impractical to subscribe to so many, libraries can provide the appropriate equipment and software for accessing and printing e-journals and manipulating related files. This is a thoughtful and thorough article that brings up many important issues about the access of e-journals while at the same time acknowledging that e-journals are still very much in the early stages of development. -- MP NETWORKS AND NETWORKING Banta, Glen. "Internet Pipe Schemes" Internet World 8(10) (October 1996): 62-70. (http://www.internetworld.com/1996/10/schemes.html) -- Have you ever felt a vague unease that you should have at least a clue what ISDN, ATM, ADSL, SONET, and Frame Relay are? If not, blast on. This article isn't for you. But if you have a hankerin' to know what this alphabet soup means to your bandwidth and what you can accomplish with it, then stay tuned. Banta gives a straight-ahead explanation of various networking technologies and a peek into our bandwidth future. Now if it were only as simple as POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service)... -- RT Bollag, Burton. "In Western Europe, Twelve Institutions See the Internet and Videoconferences as Keys to Virtual University" Chronicle of Higher Education XLIII (5) (September 27, 1996): 35-36. -- Danish and Swedish academics are experimenting with Internet-based education that would cross international borders. In addition to standard, Web-based applications, they are exploring interactive "technologies of collaboration" to improve faculty- student relationships over long distances and avoid duplication in programs. Library and information science is already being offered over this network. Similarities between Danish and Swedish make collaboration much easier to manage. -- TH Brandt, D. Scott. "Relevancy and Searching the Internet" Computers in Libraries 16(8) (September 1996): 35-39. -- This article discusses precision vs. recall and results ranking in various types of Internet resources. When searching the Internet, it is important to understand what various starting points are likely to return. The large comprehensive databases such as Alta Vista (http://altavista.digital.com) put more burden on the user, returning many hits with less precision - boolean operators can help refine results. Starting with subject-based indices (Yahoo - http://www.yahoo.com or The Argus Clearinghouse - http://www.clearinghouse.net) will narrow the field and return fewer hits, but with greater precision. Brandt stresses the importance of a critical eye and an item by item review of search results. -- CJC DeLoughry, Thomas J. "Thirty-four Universities Seek to Create a Network for Higher Education" The Chronicle of Higher Education XLIII (7) (October 11, 1996): A29. -- It's been foretold: higher education, the principal architect of the Internet, wants a new one for its real work. The goals of the new system would be to restore (and increase) speed and reliability for scholarly purposes. The new network, Internet II, would eventually become available to others who use the Internet. Internet II would not replace the Internet but would exist side by side with Internet "I". Significantly, Internet II participants would be responsible for funding their participation with less dependence on government sources. The list of 34 participants is a "Who's Who" of land grant and private institutions, which suggests a serious commitment. -- TH "The Hitchhiker's Guide to Cybernomics" The Economist 340 (7985) (September 28-October 4, 1996) Survey of the World Economy Supplement, 46 pages. -- Although this article is about the economics of information and the changing global marketplace, it focuses in depth on the impact of networked information on work and life. Along the way the editors present a series of essays about how digital media are reshaping government policies about information use, ranging from the global economy to the emergence of new careers in cyberspace. As background reading, librarians will find this supplement interesting and informative. -- TH Perry, L. Stephen. "American and International Studies: Internet Resources" College & Research Libraries News 57(9) (October 1996): 570. (http://www.ala.org/acrl/resoct.html) -- Area studies, whether American or international, share an interdisciplinary approach to their areas of inquiry that incorporates history, literature, folklore, politics, popular culture, economics, and more. Because of the wide range of intellectual inquiry inherent in area studies (not to mention the countless areas of the world to be studied), this month's C&RL's list of Internet resources is obviously a very selective one. The annotations, however, are informative not only describing the site but also, in some cases, providing a context for the resource as well as a brief evaluation of it. -- MP Schuyler, Michael. "Hooking Up to the Big-I Internet" Computers in Libraries, 16(8) (September 1996): 26-30. -- With more and more libraries wanting to be represented on the WWW, Schuyler provides a basic outline of the necessary investments (hardware, software and education) to get a library connected to the Internet. Included is information on equipment, phone lines, Internet service providers and a summary of costs for startup and first year of operation. -- CJC Stearns, Susan. "The Internet-Enabled Virtual Public Library" Computers in Libraries 16(8) (Sept. 1996): 54-57. (http://www.infotoday.com/cilmag/sep/library.htm) -- The concept of the virtual library as a user-friendly, computer-based, networked set of information resources is becoming reality in many public libraries. Early implementations were often OPAC-centered, with telnet and gopher access. This article features several public library web pages and projects which expand the notion of the 'library without walls' beyond the online catalog, providing e-mail for patrons, voter and community information and user training. Implications of the web-based virtual library include the necessity of upgrading hardware and software, as well as developing standards for collection development and cataloging of online resources and the continuing education of librarians and patrons. -- CJC EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES "The Weirdest Computer of All" The Economist 340 (7985) (September 28-October 4, 1996): 97-99. (http://www.economist.com/issue/28-09-96/st4046.html) -- This article describes "quantum computing" an experimental type of machine logic that might enable computers to move beyond binary processing. Instead of running on bits made up of an "on" and "off" switch, quantum computers would use "quantum bits," or qubits. Qubits would enable a computer to run as many calculations as there are numerical combinations, and do it simultaneously: that's 1,024 possible combinations, each representing a separate processing cycle. Naturally, it's a big speed increase over digital computers, which perform one calculation at a time! Possible commercial applications may begin to appear as early as 1998. The sticking point is error correction, as the "qubit" is based on quantum physics, and can represent points on a continuum of values that are between "on" and "off". -- TH GENERAL "Being Digital is Not Enough" The Economist 340 (7985) (September 28-October 4, 1996): 100. (http://www.economist.com/issue/28-09-96/st4047.html) -- Why do new digital formats fail? The digital compact cassette was a total bust, even though it offers better quality than conventional cassettes. The editors suggest that there are two main reasons. First, a new product must be ten times better than the one it replaces. This is based on the "10X" rule that venture capitalists follow in making investment decisions. Second, it must succeed in "alluring" consumers with the promise of "modernity"--that is, it must be "cool" enough to make you want to trade up from your CD collection. -- TH Cisler, Steve. "Weatherproofing a Great, Good Place" American Libraries 27(9) (October 1996): 42-46. -- In this wide-ranging and entertaining article, Cisler covers a lot of philosophical and technical ground relating to public libraries and the challenges they face. Chock-full of examples and citations, the article identifies storm fronts and suggests how to ride them out. The punchline will come as no surprise to those who know Steve and his commitment to the values of librarians as well as the technologies (whether they be printing presses or computers) that help make them a reality. -- RT --------------------------------------------------------------------- Current Cites 7(10) (October 1996) ISSN: 1060-2356 Copyright (C) 1996 by the Library, University of California, Berkeley. All rights reserved. All product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Mention of a product in this publication does not necessarily imply endorsement of the product. [URL:http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CurrentCites/] To subscribe, send the message "sub cites [your name]" to listproc@library.berkeley.edu, replacing "[your name]" with your name. Copying is permitted for noncommercial use by computerized bulletin board/conference systems, individual scholars, and libraries. Libraries are authorized to add the journal to their collections at no cost. An archive site is maintained at ftp.lib.berkeley.edu in directory /pub/Current.Cites [URL:ftp://ftp.lib.berkeley.edu/pub/Current.Cites]. This message must appear on copied material. All commercial use requires permission from the editor, who may be reached in the following ways: trinne@library.berkeley.edu // (510)642-8173 --------------------------------------------------------------------